伊芙琳·恩德晓

伊芙琳•恩德晓（英语：Evelyn Underhill，1875年12月6日—1941年6月15日），英国作家，和平主义者，其作品主要关注灵性修炼和基督教神秘主义。于1911年出版《神秘主义》（Mysticism）。

生平

恩德晓出生于英国的伍尔弗汉普顿。 父亲和丈夫都是法律作家和律师。恩德晓与丈夫Hubert Stuard Moore是青梅竹马，二人于1907年结婚，婚后未育。恩德晓经常在欧洲旅行，潜心参访教堂和修道院。恩德晓成长于爱德华时代，具有浪漫主义倾向。乃是巴斯和威尔士的主教方济•恩德晓（Francis Underhill）的表亲。

教育

恩德晓在家里接受教育，仅就读三年私立学校，后来在伦敦大学国王学院修读历史学和植物学，获得阿伯丁大学的荣誉神学博士学位，也是国王学院的研究员。 她是第一位面向英格兰教会的神职人员进行演讲的女性，也是教会第一位正式聘请指导退修的女性。

影响

恩德晓的丈夫引导她参加天主教教会，这对她影响很大。其夫也是一名作家，婚前婚后都非常支持恩德晓的写作生涯，然而却不认同她的灵性追求。恩德晓早期的著作中使用“神秘主义”和“神秘主义者”这样的词，后来就用“灵性”“圣徒”这样的词语，因为觉得后者的显得更不具有威胁性。恩德晓深信任何人都有权接触到神秘主义的生活方式，并因此多被批评。

恩德晓对泰戈尔影响巨大，1915年他们共同翻译和发表了卡比尔的诗集，恩德晓热情洋溢地撰写了序言。

荣誉

2000年以来， 英格兰教会 每年6月15日都按礼仪来纪念恩德晓。

Evelyn Underhill (6 December 1875 – 15 June 1941) was an English Anglo-Catholic writer and pacifist known for her numerous works on religion and spiritual practice, in particular Christian mysticism. Her best-known work is Mysticism, published in 1911.

Life

Underhill was born in Wolverhampton. She was a poet and novelist as well as a pacifist and mystic. An only child, she described her early mystical insights as "abrupt experiences of the peaceful, undifferentiated plane of reality—like the 'still desert' of the mystic—in which there was no multiplicity nor need of explanation". The meaning of these experiences became a lifelong quest and a source of private angst, provoking her to research and write.

As an only child, she was devoted to her parents and, later, to her husband. She was fully engaged in the life of a barrister's daughter and wife, including the entertainment and charitable work that entailed, and pursued a daily regimen that included writing, research, worship, prayer and meditation. It was a fundamental axiom of hers that all of life was sacred, as that was what "incarnation" was about.

She was a cousin of Francis Underhill, Bishop of Bath and Wells.

Both her father, Arthur Underhill, and her husband, Hubert Stuart Moore, were writers (on the law), London barristers, and yachtsmen. She and her husband grew up together and were married on 3 July 1907. The couple had no children. She traveled regularly within Europe, primarily to Switzerland, France and Italy, where she pursued her interests in art and Catholicism, visiting numerous churches and monasteries. Neither her husband (a Protestant) nor her parents shared her interest in spiritual matters.

Moore was a prolific author who published over 30 books either under her maiden name, Underhill, or under the pseudonym "John Cordelier", such as the 1912 book The Spiral Way. Initially an agnostic, she gradually began to acquire an interest in Neoplatonism and from there was increasingly drawn to Catholicism against the objections of her husband. She eventually became a prominent Anglo-Catholic. From 1921 to 1924, her spiritual mentor was Baron Friedrich von Hügel, who appreciated her writing yet concerned with her focus on mysticism and who encouraged her to adopt a much more Christocentric view as opposed to the theistic and intellectual one she had previously held. She described him as "the most wonderful personality. ... so saintly, truthful, sane and tolerant" (Cropper, p. 44) and was influenced by him toward more charitable and down-to-earth activities. After his death in 1925, her writings became more focused on the Holy Spirit and she became prominent in the Anglican Church as a lay leader of spiritual retreats, a spiritual director for hundreds of individuals, guest speaker, radio lecturer and proponent of contemplative prayer.

Underhill came of age in the Edwardian era and, like many contemporaries, had a decided romantic bent with interests in the psychic, the psychological, the occult, the mystical, the medieval, the advance of science, the apotheosis of art, the rediscovery of the feminine, the unashamedly sensuous, and the most ethereally "spiritual". Anglicanism seemed to her out-of-key with this. She sought the centre of life as not in the state religion, but in experience and the heart. This age of "the soul" was one of those periods when a sudden easing of social taboos brings on a great sense of personal emancipation and desire for an El Dorado despised by an older, more morose and insensitive generation.