林白乐

林白乐（Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger，1913年7月11日—1966年8月6日）是美国一位科幻作家，笔名为考德怀纳·史密斯（Cordwainer Smith）。亦是东亚学者和心理战专家。1966年因心脏病逝世于巴尔的摩，享年53岁。

1913年出生于美国密尔瓦基。他的父亲 Paul M. W. Linebarger（Paul Myron Wentworth Linebarger）是一名律师和政治活动家，与孙中山是好友；于是，孙中山成了林白乐的教父。

幼时因父亲的职业，在中国、日本、法国、德国等国家辗转居住，因此能说六种语言，接触多种文化。

23岁时，获得约翰·霍普金斯大学政治学博士学位。

1937年到1946年，在杜克大学任教，研究远东事务。

二战开打后，他保留教职的同时加入美国陆军。1943年，被派往中国协调军事情报行动，成了蒋中正的心腹之一，最后以上校的军衔荣归。

出版作品

The Rediscovery of Men（1993年）

人类补完计划：考德怀纳‧史密斯短篇小说选（2018年，木马文化）

Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger (July 11, 1913 – August 6, 1966), known by his pen-name Cordwainer Smith, was an American author of science fiction. He was an officer in the US Army, a scholar of East Asia, and an expert in psychological warfare. He was one of science fiction's more influential authors despite his relatively limited output and his early death at the age of 53.

Biography

Early life and education

Linebarger's father, Paul Myron Wentworth Linebarger, was a lawyer, working as a judge in the Philippines. There he met Chinese nationalist Sun Yat-sen to whom he became an advisor. Linebarger's father sent his wife to give birth in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, so that their child would be eligible to become president of the United States. Sun Yat-sen, who was considered the father of Chinese nationalism, became Linebarger's godfather.

His childhood was unsettled as his father moved the family to a succession of places in Asia, Europe, and the United States. He was sometimes sent to boarding schools for safety. In all, Linebarger attended more than 30 schools. In 1919, while at a boarding school in Hawaii, he was blinded in his right eye, which was replaced by a glass eye. The vision in his remaining eye was impaired by infection.

Linebarger was familiar with English, German, and Chinese by adulthood. At the age of 23, he received a PhD in political science from Johns Hopkins University.

Career

From 1937 to 1946, Linebarger held a faculty appointment at Duke University, where he began producing highly regarded works on Far Eastern affairs.

While retaining his professorship at Duke after the beginning of World War II, Linebarger began serving as a second lieutenant of the United States Army, where he was involved in the creation of the Office of War Information and the Operation Planning and Intelligence Board. He also helped to organize the army's first psychological warfare section. In 1943, he was sent to China to coordinate military intelligence operations. When he later pursued his interest in China, Linebarger became a close confidant of Chiang Kai-shek. By the end of the war, he had risen to the rank of major. In 1947, Linebarger moved to the Johns Hopkins University's School of Advanced International Studies in Washington, DC, where he served as Professor of Asiatic Studies. He used his experiences in the war to write the book Psychological Warfare (1948), regarded by many in the field as a classic text.

Linebarger eventually rose to the rank of colonel in the reserves. He was recalled to advise the British forces during the Malayan Emergency and the U.S. Eighth Army during the Korean War. Though he sometimes called himself a "visitor to small wars", he refrained from becoming involved in the Vietnam War, but he did some work for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA). In 1969, CIA officer Miles Copeland Jr. wrote that Linebarger was "perhaps the leading practitioner of 'black' and 'gray' propaganda in the Western world". According to Joseph Burkholder Smith, a former CIA operative, Linebarger conducted classes in psychological warfare for CIA agents at his home in Washington, under cover of his position at Johns Hopkins University. He traveled extensively and became a member of the Foreign Policy Association, and he was called upon to advise President John F. Kennedy.

In April 2026, Linebarger was posthumously inducted as a Distinguished Member of the Psychological Operations Regiment (DMOR) by the United States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare Center and School, recognizing his contributions to the development of psychological warfare and the early institutional framework of U.S. Army psychological operations.

Marriage and family

In 1936, Linebarger married Margaret Snow. They had a daughter in 1942 and another in 1947. They divorced in 1949.