让·凯罗尔

让·卡约尔（法语：Jean Cayrol；1911年6月6日—2005年2月10日）是法国诗人、出版商和龚古尔学院的成员，生于波尔多。他因在阿伦·雷奈1955年的纪录片《夜与雾》中撰写旁白而最为著名。他是法国颠覆性的哲学出版物《Tel Quel》的主要撰稿人。

1941年，在纳粹占领法国期间，卡约尔加入了法国抵抗组织，但他随后被出卖、逮捕，并于1943年被送往古森集中营。他是该集中营中最年轻的法国囚犯之一，因此被要求从事一些最艰苦的工作，以及修建公路和铁路。当卡约尔想通过绝食而死时，他的生命被 "古森的圣人 "约翰·格鲁伯博士所救。格鲁伯在20号营房的盥洗室里给了卡约尔一些 "格鲁伯汤"，并为卡约尔进行了干预，让他转到一个更容易的工作岗位。此后，卡约尔在古森集中营一区的斯太尔-戴姆勒-普赫从事最后的检查工作，在那里他可以在休息时写些文学作品。

1944年2月至1945年4月，卡约尔在古森集中营一区创作了大量诗歌。《Alerte aux ombres 1944-1945》是卡约尔的古森文本集，于1997年出版。

拉撒路的形象在卡约尔的作品中多次出现。由于自己逃脱了死亡，卡约尔被拉撒路的故事所吸引，并受到启发。

卡约尔创办了由门槛出版社 (Éditions du Seuil)出版的评论《Ecrire》，并做了十年编辑（1956-66年），门槛出版社在1949年聘请他为编辑顾问。

他退休后去了波尔多，并在那里去世，享年93岁。

Jean Cayrol (French: [kɛʁɔl]; 6 June 1911 – 10 February 2005) was a French poet, publisher, and member of the Académie Goncourt born in Bordeaux. He is perhaps best known for writing the narration in Alain Resnais's 1956 documentary film, Night and Fog. He was a major contributor to the subversive, philosophical French publication Tel Quel.

In 1941, during the Nazi occupation of France, Cayrol joined the French Resistance, but he was subsequently betrayed, arrested, and sent to the Gusen concentration camp in 1943. He was one of the youngest French inmates at that camp, and consequently was made to do some of the hardest work along with the construction of roads and railways. When Cayrol wanted to die by refusing any further food, his life was saved by Johann Gruber, the "Saint of Gusen." Gruber gave Cayrol some "Gruber soup" in the washroom of barrack No. 20, and intervened for Cayrol to get him transferred to an easier job. Cayrol thereafter worked at the final inspection of Steyr-Daimler-Puch at KL Gusen I (the "Georgenmuehle" command), where he was able to write literature during breaks.

Between February 1944 and April 1945, Cayrol created a large volume of poetry at Gusen I. One of his poems from this era is the text for "Chant d'Espoir", which was set to music by a fellow Gusen I inmate, Remy Gillis, in 1944. Alerte aux ombres 1944–1945, a collection of Cayrol's Gusen texts, was published in 1997.

The figure of Lazarus appears many times in Cayrol's work. Having escaped death himself, Cayrol was fascinated and inspired by the story of Lazarus who died, whom Jesus returned to life after being dead.

Cayrol founded and edited for ten years (1956–66) the review Ecrire, published by Éditions du Seuil, who had recruited him as an editorial adviser in 1949.

He retired to Bordeaux, where he died at the age of 93.

Awards and honours

1947: Prix Renaudot for Je vivrai l'amour des autres