罗伯特·斯宾塞

罗伯特·斯潘塞（Robert Bruce Spencer，1962年2月27日—）是一位美国作家和博客，以批判伊斯兰教和圣战闻名。

至2014年，斯潘塞已出版12本书。2003年他创办“圣战观察”（Jihad Watch）网站，刊登国际圣战的新闻和评论，以引起公众关注圣战的神学和意识形态对现代世界的影响，并纠正民间对于当代冲突中圣战和宗教所扮演角色的误解。

斯潘塞又与他人共同创立“制止美国伊斯兰化”（Stop Islamization of America）组织。

斯潘塞的观点被形容为反伊斯兰或是对伊斯兰有恐惧。

2021年1月，斯潘塞撰文宣称美国左派意图利用2021年冲击美国国会大厦事件压制不同意见的声音，就像1933年德国国会纵火案那样子。

著作

畅销书

《The Truth About Muhammad: Founder of the World's Most Intolerant Religion》，Regnery Press，2006，ISBN 1-59698-028-1。（纽约时报畅销书榜 – 2006-10-29）

《The Politically Incorrect Guide to Islam (And the Crusades)》，Regnery Press，2005，ISBN 0-89526-013-1。（纽约时报畅销书榜 – 2005-10-16）

Robert Bruce Spencer (born February 27, 1962) is an American anti-Muslim author and blogger, and one of the key figures of the counter-jihad movement. Spencer founded and has directed the blog Jihad Watch since 2003. In 2010 he co-founded the organization Stop Islamization of America with Pamela Geller.

Three of Spencer's books reached The New York Times Best Seller list. Reports that two of Spencer's books were listed in FBI training materials and that he had given seminars to various law enforcement units in the United States stirred controversy. In 2013, the UK Home Office barred Spencer from travel to the United Kingdom for three to five years for "making statements that may foster hatred that might lead to inter-community violence". He has frequently appeared on Fox News.

Background

Spencer was baptized in the Greek Orthodox Church and joined the Melkite Greek Catholic Church in 1984. Spencer has stated that, under the reign of President Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, his grandparents were forced to emigrate from an area that is now part of Turkey because they were Christians. Spencer's father worked for Voice of America during the Cold War, and in his younger days, Spencer himself worked at Revolution Books, a Maoist bookstore in New York City founded by Robert Avakian.

Spencer received an M.A. in 1986 in religious studies from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. His masters thesis was on monophysitism and the history of the Catholic Church.

Spencer has been harshly criticized by several clerics of the Roman Catholic Church because of his views on Islam. In 2016, as a result of "personal reflection and historical study", Spencer returned to the Greek Orthodox Church.

Activities and writings

Spencer has been studying Islamic theology, law, and history since 1980, but his publications on Islam and Muslims have not undergone academic peer review. They have been published by publishing houses that specialize in the writings of political conservatives, mostly Regnery Publishing or Bombardier Books. He worked in think tanks for more than 20 years, and in 2002–2003 was an adjunct fellow with the Free Congress Foundation.

A 2010 investigative report by The Tennessean described Spencer as one of several individuals who "cash in on spreading hate and fear about Islam." The Tennessean investigation concluded: "IRS filings from 2008 show that Robert Spencer earned $132,537 from the David Horowitz Freedom Center." In addition to being the editor for the David Horowitz Freedom Center's Jihad Watch blog, Spencer has also written for Breitbart News, and has been a columnist for Human Events, PJ Media and FrontPage Magazine.

Spencer co-founded the anti-Muslim group Stop Islamization of America (also known as the American Freedom Defense Initiative) with Pamela Geller in 2010. The organization is designated as a "hate group" by the Anti-Defamation League and the Southern Poverty Law Center. Together with Geller he led a campaign to stop the building of Park51, an Islamic community center near the World Trade Center, which they referred to as the "Ground Zero Mosque", claiming that imam Feisal Abdul Rauf planned to build a "victory mosque" to celebrate the destruction of the World Trade Center in the September 11 attacks.