印卡·加西拉索·德拉维加

印加·加西拉索·德拉维加（西班牙语：Inca Garcilaso de la Vega；1539年4月12日—1616年4月23日），梅斯蒂索人作家。

加西拉索出生在西班牙秘鲁副王区境内的库斯科，父亲是西班牙殖民者，曾任库斯科城防司令；母亲是印加公主，是傀儡国王图帕克·瓦尔帕的女儿。

他自幼受到良好教育。1560年其父死后，1561年前往西班牙蒙蒂利亚，在西班牙接受教育，此后并未回到秘鲁。1570年被任命为上尉，举兵镇压阿尔普哈斯的莫里斯科叛乱，退役后因不得西班牙朝廷重视，隐居于哥尔多瓦修道院，潜心翻译和写作。1609年，加西拉索着《印加王室述评》（《印加诸王的历史传记》）一书，是美洲人撰写的第一部有重要价值的新大陆编年史。它叙述秘鲁诸王——印加人的起源、信仰、法律、生活和武功等，以及西班牙的入侵、暴君的兴起和所受到的惩罚等等。1616年于哥尔多瓦逝世。因该书深深激发了秘鲁人民的爱国热情，1780年图帕克·阿马鲁起义后，西班牙殖民当局宣布其为禁书，予以焚毁。

Inca Garcilaso de la Vega (12 April 1539 – 23 April 1616), born Gómez Suárez de Figueroa and known as El Inca, was a chronicler and writer born in the Viceroyalty of Peru. Sailing to Spain at 21, he was educated informally there, where he lived and worked the rest of his life. The natural son of a Spanish conquistador and an Inca noblewoman born in the early years of the conquest, he is known primarily for his chronicles of Inca history, culture, and society. His work was widely read in Europe, influential and well received. It was the first literature by an author born in the Americas to enter the western canon.

After his father's death in 1559, Vega moved to Spain in 1561, seeking official acknowledgement as his father's son. His paternal uncle became a protector, and he lived in Spain for the rest of his life, where he wrote his histories of the Inca culture and Spanish conquest, as well as an account of De Soto's expedition in Florida.

Early life

Gómez Suárez de Figueroa was born on April 12, 1539 in Cuzco, Peru, during the early years of the Spanish conquest. He was the natural son of the Spanish captain and conquistador Sebastián Garcilaso de la Vega y Vargas and the Inca ñusta (princess), Palla Chimpu Ocllo, the granddaughter of Huayna Capac who was baptized after the fall of Cuzco as Isabel Suárez Chimpu Ocllo. His mother was descended from Inca nobility, a daughter of Túpac Huallpa and a granddaughter of the powerful Inca Tupac Yupanqui. Because his parents were not married in the Catholic Church, he was considered illegitimate and the boy was given only his mother's surname. Under the Spanish system of caste that developed, he would have been classified as a mestizo (for his mixed parents).

When Gómez was young, his father abandoned his mother and married a much younger Spanish noblewoman, doña Luisa Martel, who was only four years older than Gómez. As such, Gómez lived with his mother, her husband Juan de Pedroche, her Inca family and her two daughters, De la Vega's half-sisters Ana Ruíz, who went on to marry Martín de Bustinza, and Luisa de Herrera, who married Pedro Márquez de Galeoto (one of their children was Alonso Márquez de Figueroa). His first language was Quechua, but he also learned Spanish from early boyhood. He lived with his mother's family for the first ten years of his life before his father took the boy into his household and gave him an education. Garcilaso was taught by Juan de Cuéllar, a canon of the Cathedral of Cusco, who instructed boys his age, mostly mestizos or descendants of Inca rulers, including the sons of Francisco and Gonzalo Pizarro, in grammar and the sciences. Gómez also learned to interpret quipus and soon became skilled at reading them. At age fifteen, in 1554, when his father was appointed corregidor and justicia mayor of Cusco, Gómez served as his secretary, gaining firsthand contact with the conquistadors. He also recalled meeting his cousin, the Inca Sayri Túpac, son of Manco Inca with whom he shared a ritual drink of chicha from a silver qero. Garcilaso received an inheritance when his father died in 1559. The next year, at the age of 21, he left Peru for Spain.

Travel to Spain

Suárez de Figueroa reached Spain in 1561 while there was still fighting in his native country under the conquest. He may have studied Latin in Seville under the tutelage of Pedro Sánchez de Herrera. The Spanish did not achieve their final victory until 1572. He traveled to Montilla, where he met his father's brother, Alonso de Vargas, who acted as the young man's protector and helped him make his way. The younger man soon traveled to Madrid to seek official acknowledgement as his father's son from the Crown, and he was allowed to take the name of Garcilaso de la Vega. Also referred to as "El Inca" or "Inca Garcilaso de la Vega", he received an informal education in Spain. Together with his uncle's support, gaining his father's name helped him integrate into Spanish society.