卡洛·科洛迪

卡洛·科洛迪（意大利语：Carlo Collodi，本名为Carlo Lorenzini，1826年11月24日—1890年10月26日）是意大利作家，其最著名的作品是儿童文学经典《木偶奇遇记》。

生平

卡洛·科洛迪生于意大利佛罗伦萨乡下一个厨师家庭，在教会学校毕业后，开始给地方报纸写稿，积极参加意大利民族解放运动，并参加1848年的意大利解放战争。科洛迪以儿童文学闻名于世，他的主要作品有：《小手杖》（1876）、《小木片》（1878）、《小手杖漫游意大利》、《小手杖地理》、《小手杖文法》、《木偶奇遇记》、《眼睛和鼻子》（1881）、《快乐的故事》（1887）。他所著的最后两部作品是：《愉快的符号》、《讽刺杂谈》（1892）。他最著名的作品当然是《木偶奇遇记》。1881年的一天，科洛迪给他在《儿童杂志》工作的朋友寄了一些稿子，并附有一张纸条，说送上“这点傻玩意儿”，请朋友随意处理。这些稿子就是《木偶奇遇记》的前身。木偶皮诺丘的故事一经发表，立刻引起了轰动，杂志社催促科洛迪快写，最后形成了我们今天读到的《木偶奇遇记》。这部童话出版以来，受到了各国儿童的喜爱，并多次被拍成动画片和故事片，在世界各国广受欢迎。

Carlo Lorenzini (Italian: [ˈkarlo lorenˈtsiːni]; 24 November 1826 – 26 October 1890), better known by the pen name Carlo Collodi ( kə-LOH-dee, Italian: [kolˈlɔːdi]), was an Italian author, humourist, and journalist, widely known for his fairy tale novel The Adventures of Pinocchio.

Early life

Lorenzini was born in Florence on 24 November 1826. His mother Angiolina Orzali Lorenzini was a seamstress from Collodi, the town from which he later took the pen name, and his father Domenico Lorenzini was a cook. Both parents worked for the marchese Ginori Lisci. Carlo was the eldest child in the family and he had ten siblings; seven died at a young age. He spent most of his childhood in the town of Collodi where his mother was born. He lived there with his maternal grandmother. After attending primary school, he was sent to study at a theological seminary in Colle Val d'Elsa. An account at the seminary shows that the marchese had offered financial aid, but the boy found that he did not want to be a priest so he continued his education at the College of the Scolopi Fathers in Florence. In 1844, he started working at the Florentine bookstore Libreria Piatti, where he assisted Giuseppe Aiazzi, a prominent Italian manuscript specialist.

Career

During the Italian Wars of Independence in 1848 and 1860, Lorenzini served as a volunteer with the Tuscan Army. His active interest in political matters can be seen in his earliest literary works, as well as in the founding of the satirical newspaper Il Lampione in 1853. This newspaper was censored by order of the Grand Duke of Tuscany. In 1854, he published his second newspaper, Lo scaramuccia ("The Controversy"). Lorenzini's first publications were in his periodicals. A debut came in 1856 with the play Gli amici di casa and parodic guidebook Un romanzo in vapore, both in 1856. By 1860, he published his first notable work called Il signor Alberi ha ragione! (Mr. Alberi Is Right!), which outlined his political and cultural vision of Italy. This is the text where Lorenzini started using the Collodi pseudonym, which was taken from his mother's hometown.

Lorenzini had also begun intense activity on other political newspapers such as Il Fanfulla; at the same time he was employed by the Censorship Commission for the Theatre. During this period he composed various satirical sketches and stories (sometimes simply by collating earlier articles), including Macchiette (1880), Occhi e nasi (1881), and Storie allegre (1887).

Lorenzini became disenchanted with Italian politics afterwards, so he turned to children's literature and his first works involved translating French fairy tales into Italian. In 1875, for instance, he completed Racconti delle fate, a translation of French fairy tales by Charles Perrault. In 1876, Lorenzini wrote Giannettino (inspired by Alessandro Luigi Parravicini's Giannetto), the Minuzzolo, and Il viaggio per l'Italia di Giannettino, a pedagogic series which explored the unification of Italy through the ironic thoughts and actions of the character Giannettino.

Lorenzini became fascinated by the idea of using an amiable, rascally character as a means of expressing his own convictions through allegory. In 1880, he began writing Storia di un burattino (Story of a Marionette), also called Le avventure di Pinocchio, which was published weekly in Giornale per i bambini. Pinocchio was adapted into a 1940 film by Disney that is considered to be one of Disney's greatest films.

Death and legacy

Lorenzini died suddenly in Florence on 26 October 1890, at the age of 63, and is interred at Cimitero delle Porte Sante in Florence. The National Carlo Collodi Foundation was established in 1962 to promote education and the works of Collodi, and Pinocchio Park, which was opened in 1956 in the town of Collodi and remains a popular attraction today.