瓦莱丽·索拉纳斯

瓦莱丽·让·索拉纳斯（英语：Valerie Jean Solanas，1936年4月9日—1988年4月25日）是一位美国激进女性主义作家，曾经试图暗杀艺术家安迪·沃霍尔。

早期生活

1936年索拉纳斯出生于新泽西州，十几岁时父母离婚。她的母亲和继父结婚后，她被送到祖父母那里。她的祖父酗酒还虐待她，她逃离祖父家开始无家可归。在20世纪50年代她出柜承认自己是一个女同性恋。她毕业于马里兰大学学院市分校，获得心理学学士学位。后来搬到伯克利。在那里，她开始创作她最著名的作品《人渣宣言》，作品中呼吁女性“推翻政府，消除金钱系统，机构完全自动化，消灭男性”。

刺杀安迪·沃霍尔

在60年代中期索拉纳斯以作家身份搬到纽约市。在那里她遇到了安迪·沃霍尔，并要求沃霍尔改编她的戏。她把自己的剧本给沃霍尔，后来她指控他丢失/偷窃了剧本，其次是沃霍尔额外漠视她的活动。后来索拉纳斯要求对脚本损失进行经济赔偿，沃霍尔雇用她在他的电影中演出，并付给她25美元。

1967年，索拉纳斯开始自己出版《人渣宣言》。奥林匹亚出版社老板莫里斯·吉罗迪亚斯同意出版索拉纳斯以后的作品，她理解的合同意味着吉罗迪亚斯将拥有自己的作品。她深信吉罗迪亚斯和沃霍尔密谋窃取她的作品，索拉纳斯在1968年的春天购买了枪。6月3日，她试图找到吉罗迪亚斯，但他因为周末已经离开。然后她去了工厂，在那里她发现沃霍尔。她朝沃霍尔枪击三次，前两次没有击中，最后打中沃霍尔。她还枪击了艺术评论家马里奥·阿玛亚，并试图打中沃霍尔的经理弗雷德·休斯（Fred Hughes），但枪卡住了。沃霍尔受了重伤，随后因手术成功而获救。索拉纳斯后来自己向警方报案自首。她被控企图谋杀，殴打并非法藏有一支枪。她被诊断为偏狂型精神分裂症，并承认“鲁莽伤人意图伤害”，被判三年徒刑，其中包括在精神病院的一年时间。她出狱后，继续推动《人渣宣言》。

去世

她于1988年在旧金山死于肺炎。

Valerie Jean Solanas (April 9, 1936 – April 25, 1988) was an American radical feminist known for her attempted assassination of artist Andy Warhol in 1968.

Solanas appeared in Warhol's film I, a Man (1967) and self-published the SCUM Manifesto, a possibly satirical pamphlet calling for the extinction of men. She believed Warhol was conspiring with her publisher, Maurice Girodias, to prevent her work from being published. On June 3, 1968, Solanas shot Warhol and art critic Mario Amaya at the Factory, Warhol's studio in Manhattan. She was charged with attempted murder, assault, and illegal possession of a firearm, and subsequently diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia and sentenced to three years in prison. After her release, she was arrested again for aggravated assault in 1971 after threatening editors Barney Rosset and Fred Jordan of Grove Press. She was then institutionalized several times. Solanas continued to promote the SCUM Manifesto and was an editor for the biweekly feminist magazine Majority Report before drifting into obscurity. She became destitute and died of pneumonia in 1988.

Early life and education

Solanas was born on April 9, 1936, in Ventnor City, New Jersey, to Louis Solanas and Dorothy Marie Biondo. Her father was a bartender and her mother a dental assistant. She had a younger sister, Judith Arlene Solanas Martinez. Her father was born in Montreal to parents who had emigrated from Spain. Her mother was an Italian-American of Genoan and Sicilian descent born in Philadelphia.

Solanas alleged that her father regularly sexually abused her. Her parents divorced when she was young, and her mother remarried shortly afterwards. Solanas disliked her stepfather and began rebelling against her mother, becoming a truant. As a child, she wrote insults for children to use on one another, for the cost of a dime. She beat up a girl in high school who was bothering a younger boy, and also hit a nun.

Because of her rebellious behavior, Solanas's mother sent her to be raised by her grandparents in 1949. Solanas reported that her grandfather was a violent alcoholic who often beat her. At fifteen, she left her grandparents and became homeless. In 1953, Solanas gave birth to a son fathered by a married sailor. The child, named David, was taken away, and she never saw him again.

After high school, Solanas earned a degree in psychology from the University of Maryland, College Park, where she was in the Psi Chi Honor Society. While at the University of Maryland, she hosted a call-in radio show where she gave advice on how to combat men. Solanas was openly lesbian at this time, despite the conservative cultural climate of the 1950s.

Solanas subsequently attended the University of Minnesota's Graduate School of Psychology, where she worked in the animal research laboratory, before dropping out and moving to attend the University of California, Berkeley for a few courses. It was during this time that she began writing the SCUM Manifesto.

Early years in New York City

In the mid-1960s, Solanas moved to New York City and supported herself through begging and prostitution. In 1965, she wrote two works: an autobiographical short story, "A Young Girl's Primer on How to Attain the Leisure Class", and a play, Up Your Ass, about a young prostitute. According to James Martin Harding, the play is "based on a plot about a woman who 'is a man-hating hustler and panhandler' and who ... ends up killing a man." Harding describes it as more a "provocation than ... a work of dramatic literature" and "rather adolescent and contrived". The short story was published in Cavalier magazine in July 1966. Up Your Ass remained unpublished until 2014.