爱德华·哈洛威尔

爱德华·哈洛威尔（Edward M."Ned" Hallowell，1949年12月2日—）是一位专门研究注意力不足过动症（ADHD）的美国精神科医师，也是两本ADHD书籍《Driven to Distraction》（1994年，中文译名为《分心不是我的错》）和《Delivered From Distraction》（2005年，中文译名为《分心也有好成绩》）的共同作者。

背景和教育

爱德华·哈洛威尔小时候住在在南卡罗来纳州查尔斯顿。他的父亲因为第二次世界大战的战争受创经验而患有躁郁症，且有接受电痉挛疗法（ECT）。哈洛威尔的妈妈后来再婚，再婚对象有酒瘾。

爱德华·哈洛威尔是哈佛大学及菲利普斯埃克塞特学院的校友，在杜兰大学医学院获得其医学学士学位。

ADHD

哈洛威尔在1981年参与了一个有关ADHD儿童的课程，他在这门课中确定他患有ADHD。接下来的十年哈洛威尔利用柯能氏量表（Conner's Scale）诊断ADHD的患者。他在2012年的一次专访中提到ADHD患者的比例约有15%。哈洛威尔提到ADHD不一定都包括过动，不过其患者可能会无法完成工作或是学校的功课、将东西放错位置、遗漏工作或是容易分心。

Edward McKey Hallowell (born December 2, 1949) is an American psychiatrist, speaker, New York Times best-selling author and podcast host. He specializes in ADHD (attention deficit hyperactivity disorder). Hallowell is the founder of the Hallowell ADHD Centers, and is the author of 20 books, including the "Driven to Distraction" book series, co-authored with John Ratey.

Early life and education

Hallowell grew up in Chatham, Massachusetts. His father had bipolar disorder and initially received psychiatric treatment for misdiagnosed schizophrenia. His mother remarried and subsequently divorced an abusive alcoholic. Hallowell had two brothers.

Hallowell is an alumnus of Phillips Exeter Academy, Harvard College and Tulane University School of Medicine. He received a bachelor's degree in English from Harvard College and a medical degree from the Tulane University School of Medicine. Hallowell completed his residency in adult and child psychiatry at Harvard Medical School.

Career

Hallowell has been treating people of all ages with ADHD since 1981, and has stated that he has dyslexia and ADHD, which is self-diagnosed. His approach to the condition uses a strength-based model—developed with Driven to Distraction co-author John Ratey—that is based on the tenets of positive psychology and takes a more holistic view of ADHD, rather than seeing it purely as a disorder with negative symptoms. This model was new to the field.

Using this treatment model, Hallowell set up the ADHD Hallowell Centers. There are currently six locations in the United States, including New York City, Seattle and Boston.

Hallowell states that there are four key aspects to treatment for ADHD: 1) learning as much as possible about the condition and understanding the specific symptoms that a person has; 2) getting a coach to help with the executive functioning type tasks that people with ADHD tend to struggle with; 3) lifestyle changes, including good nutrition, sleep and physical exercise; and 4) medication, if it is beneficial for the individual. Hallowell has stated that "the biggest problem we face is ignorance and stigma. The contentiousness around ADHD is simply rooted in ignorance." Hallowell believes the symptoms of ADHD are due to "biochemical differences in the brain" that lead to a "chemical imbalance", which can be treated with medication.

Hallowell says once stimulant drugs work "They work like eyeglasses. Suddenly you can see". Hallowell believes that Adderall and other stimulant drugs are safer than aspirin. He also believes Coffee is more toxic than Adderall. Hallowell has been a paid consultant for McNeil Pediatrics, who make stimulant drugs including Adderall and Concerta.

Hallowell supports the official and updated definition of ADHD developed by the DSM-5 Task Force. ADHD does not always include hyperactivity, and Hallowell says that this type, known as ADHD Inattentive Type, occurs frequently in women. In 2020, Hallowell said that the term Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder is a horrible term, and that "individuals with ADHD don't have a deficiency of attention, but an abundance of it." Hallowell claims that ADHD does not always include hyperactivity but can include an inability to follow through on assignments at work or at school, misplacing things, avoiding tasks or getting distracted easily. Hallowell also believes that hyperactivity can be a misleading symptom and can lead to individuals going undiagnosed in some cases. Hallowell has described the ADHD brain as a Ferrari engine with bicycle brakes.