哈兰·艾里森

哈兰·杰·艾里森（英语：Harlan Jay Ellison，1934年5月27日—2018年6月27日），美国科幻小说大师，《星际旅行》最初的创作者之一，其作品多次获得雨果奖和星云奖。

生平

艾里森出生于俄亥俄州克里夫兰一个犹太人家庭，曾就读于俄亥俄州立大学，但是18个月后就被开除，原因据其本人说是当时一位教授质疑他的写作能力，在其后的40多年间，艾里森每出版一部作品，就会给这位教授寄上一份。

1955年，艾里森迁居纽约市，开始致力于科幻小说创作，两年后他转向黑帮小说创作，为获取第一手感受，他亲自加入了一个黑帮。1957年他进入军中服役，1960年回到纽约，在此期间他写了大量的色情小说。

1962年，艾里森迁居加利福尼亚州，创作了大量电视剧本，他为《星际奇航》创作的The City on the Edge of Forever一集赢得了当年美国编剧工会的最佳电视剧本奖，迄今为止还被认为是系列中最好的几集之一。在这段时间内，艾里森还积极投身于民权运动。他最好的一些著作都是写于这一时期，其中包括雨果奖得奖作品《无声狂啸》。他一共获得过10次雨果奖和4次星云奖。1994年后，他定居于洛杉矶。

2006年，艾里森被SFWA授予“SFWA大师”称号，以表彰其为科幻小说事业所作贡献。

Harlan Jay Ellison (May 27, 1934 – June 28, 2018) was an American writer, known for his prolific and influential work in New Wave speculative fiction and for his outspoken, combative personality. His published works include more than 1,700 short stories, novellas, screenplays, comic-book scripts, teleplays, essays, and a wide range of criticism covering literature, film, television, and print media.

Some of his best-known works include the 1967 Star Trek episode "The City on the Edge of Forever", which is regarded as one of the best episodes in the Star Trek franchise — he subsequently wrote a book about the experience that includes his original teleplay — his A Boy and His Dog cycle (which was made into a film), and his short stories "I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" (later adapted by Ellison into a video game) and "'Repent, Harlequin!' Said the Ticktockman". He was also editor and anthologist for Dangerous Visions (1967) and Again, Dangerous Visions (1972). Ellison won numerous awards, including multiple Hugos, Nebulas, and Edgars.

Biography

Early life and career

Ellison was born to a Jewish family in Cleveland, Ohio, on May 27, 1934, the son of Serita (née Rosenthal) and Louis Laverne Ellison, a dentist and jeweler. His older sister Beverly was born in 1926. Some time after Beverly's birth, his family moved to Painesville, Ohio, but returned to Cleveland in 1949, following his father's death. Ellison frequently ran away from home. In an interview with Tom Snyder, he would later claim it was due to discrimination by his high school peers. Throughout Ellison's childhood, antisemitism was widespread throughout America, which led to his early life spent in isolation. According to Ellison, by age 18 he had completed a series of odd jobs as a "tuna fisherman off the coast of Galveston, itinerant crop-picker down in New Orleans, hired gun for a wealthy neurotic, nitroglycerine truck driver in North Carolina, short-order cook, cab driver, lithographer, book salesman, floorwalker in a department store, door-to-door brush salesman, and as a youngster, an actor in several productions at the Cleveland Play House". In 1947, a fan letter he wrote to Real Fact Comics became his first published writing.

Ellison attended Ohio State University for 18 months (1951–53) before being expelled. Famous for self mythologizing, he claimed in interviews he was expelled for verbally or physically abusing a creative writing professor who excoriated the science fiction genre and Ellison's writing. He also claimed to have sent the professor a copy of every story he published. A biography published about him (Weil and Wolfe), however, found that he was expelled for having a “a reported grade point average of .086.”

Ellison published two serialized stories in the Cleveland News during 1949, and he sold a story to EC Comics early in the 1950s. During this period, Ellison was an active member of science fiction fandom. He published his own science fiction fanzines, such as Dimensions, which had previously been the Bulletin of the Cleveland Science Fantasy Society and later Science Fantasy Bulletin. Ellison moved to New York City in 1955 and lived with Robert Silverberg as they both pursued writing careers. Over the next two years, he published more than 100 short stories and articles. The short stories collected as Sex Gang — which Ellison described in a 2012 interview as "mainstream erotica"—date from this period.

He served in the U.S. Army from 1957 to 1959. His first novel, Web of the City (originally titled Rumble), was published during his military service in 1958, and he said that he had written the bulk of it while undergoing basic training at Fort Benning, Georgia. He served in the Public Information Office at Fort Knox, Kentucky, where he wrote articles and reviews for the post's weekly newspaper.

After leaving the army, he relocated to Chicago, where he edited Rogue magazine.