伊曼纽·华勒斯坦

伊曼纽尔·莫里斯·沃勒斯坦（英语：Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein；1930年9月28日—2019年8月31日），或译为伊曼纽尔·华勒斯坦，是美国社会学家、历史学家、经济学家和政治学家，他是当代社会科学多学科综合研究的倡导者，这种研究方法后来促使他提出了“世界体系理论”。

生平

沃勒斯坦1930年生于纽约。1954年和1959年在哥伦比亚大学先后获得社会学硕士、博士学位。1958年－1971年，在哥伦比亚大学社会系任教；1971年－1976年任加拿大麦吉尔大学社会学教授。从1976年起，任纽约宾厄姆顿大学社会学教授和“费尔南·布罗代尔经济、历史体系和文明研究中心”主任。1977年起主编《评论》（Review）期刊。从2000年直到2019年去世，任耶鲁大学资深研究员。1994年－1998年任国际社会学学会主席；1993－1995年任哥宾根重建社会科学委员会主席。他著述丰富，影响最大的著作是耗费30多年心血的《现代世界体系》（The Modern World-System）。

他曾于1998年10月至2019年7月每两个月在Agence Global发表关于全球事务的评论。

评价

沃勒斯坦在社会科学方法论方面也有深刻的见解和丰富的论述。2000年，美国社会学协会全体会员，投票选举一名二十世纪美国最伟大的社会学家，去世的和在世的都可以入选，结果沃勒斯坦以高票胜出，当选为美国二十世纪最伟大的社会学家。是年美国社会学学会专门举行仪式，庆祝这件事，会场爆满，地下坐人，墙边站人，外面走廊上挤满人。先是三位大社会学家每人二十分钟当面评价沃勒斯坦，然后沃勒斯坦做四十分钟演讲。整个仪式多次被暴风雨般的长时间热烈鼓掌所打断。

Immanuel Maurice Wallerstein ( also ; September 28, 1930 – August 31, 2019) was an American sociologist and economic historian. He is perhaps best known for his development in sociology of world-systems approach. He was a Senior Research Scholar at Yale University from 2000 until his death in 2019, and published bimonthly syndicated commentaries through Agence Global on world affairs from October 1998 to July 2019.

He was the 13th president of International Sociological Association (1994–1998).

Personal life and education

His parents, Sara Günsberg (born in 1895) and Menachem Lazar Wallerstein (born in 1890), were Polish Jews from Galicia who moved to Berlin, because of World War I, where they married in 1919. Two years later, Sara gave birth to their first son, Solomon. In 1923, the Wallerstein family emigrated to New York, where Immanuel was born. On the "list of alien passengers for the United States" at the time of his family's emigration, the nationality of his mother and brother was described as Polish.

Having grown up in a politically conscious family, Wallerstein first became interested in world affairs as a teenager. He received all three of his degrees from Columbia University: a BA in 1951, an MA in 1954, and a PhD in 1959, where he completed his dissertation under the supervision of Hans L. Zetterberg and Robert Staughton Lynd. However, throughout his life, Wallerstein also studied at other universities around the world, including Oxford University from 1955 to 1956, Université libre de Bruxelles, Universite Paris 7 Denis Diderot, and Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México.

From 1951 to 1953 Wallerstein served in the U.S. Army. After his discharge, he wrote a master's thesis on McCarthyism as a phenomenon of American political culture. The widely cited work, as Wallerstein himself later stated, "confirmed my sense that I should consider myself, in the language of the 1950s, a 'political sociologist'".

Wallerstein married Beatrice Friedman in 1964, and had a daughter, Katharine Ellen Wallerstein, two years later. He was stepfather to Beatrice's two children from a previous marriage. He and Beatrice had five grandchildren.

Academic career

During his time at Columbia University he was a supporter of students who were active during Columbia University protests of 1968 opposing the university's involvement in the Vietnam War.

Originally, Wallerstein's principal sub-area of study was not American affairs, but the politics of the non-European world, specifically India and Africa. For two decades Wallerstein researched Africa, publishing numerous books and articles, and in 1973 he became president of the African Studies Association.

Professional career

Wallerstein's academic career began at Columbia University where he was an instructor and then associate professor of sociology from 1958 to 1971. From there he moved to McGill University, in Montreal where he taught from 1971 to 1976. He became distinguished professor of sociology at SUNY Binghamton University from 1976 to 1999.

In 1976 Wallerstein was offered the unique opportunity to pursue a new avenue of research, and so became head of the Fernand Braudel Center for the Study of Economies, Historical Systems and Civilization at Binghamton University in New York, whose mission was "to engage in the analysis of large-scale social change over long periods of historical time". The Center opened with the publishing support of a new journal, Review, (of which Wallerstein was the founding editor), and produced a body of work that "went a long way toward invigorating sociology and its sister disciplines, especially history and political-economy". Wallerstein served as a distinguished professor of sociology at SUNY-Binghamton until his retirement in 1999.