伊凡·亨特

伊凡·亨特（Evan Hunter，1926年10月15日—2005年7月6日）是美国著名编剧及侦探小说作家。伊凡出生于一个意大利移民家庭，原名萨尔瓦多·卢比诺（Salvatore Albert Lombino），自小在哈林区长大，高中时获得奖学金入读柯柏联盟学院。后来二战爆发，亨特参军，在部队中他开始创作短篇小说，但当时的作品都没有出版。二战结束后，亨特接触过不同类型的工作，包括教师，后来他将自己当教师的经验写成一部半自传小说《黑板丛林》，他又当过文学经纪人，与大作家亚瑟·查理斯·克拉克、佩勒姆·格伦维尔·伍德豪斯及波尔·安德森等人共事。1951年，他正式创作了第一部短篇小说，名叫《欢迎火星》，翌年，他为了更迎合美国市场，将自己带有意大利风格的名字改为伊凡·亨特，以他曾就读过的两间学校来命名。亨特开始在文坛显露头角，并以不同的笔名创作，其中最为人熟识的是艾德·麦克班恩（Ed McBain），他以艾德·麦克班恩推出了第87分局系列警探小说，自1956年首部推出后，横跨50载，至亨特死前仍然创作，共推出近50部作品。除小说创作外，他亦曾经涉猎编剧，1960年代，他就为亚弗列·希治阁改编达夫妮·杜穆里埃的小说成为鸟。故此，亨特多年来多次获提名爱伦坡奖，1986年，亨特荣获美国推理作家协会颁发大师奖，1998年，他被授予卡迪亚钻石匕首奖，以表扬他毕生在推理小说范畴上的贡献，这是英国犯罪作家协会首次把这一荣誉授予一位美国作家。2005年，伊凡·亨特因喉癌在家中逝世，终年78歳。

影响

日本刑侦剧《向太阳怒吼！》的制片人冈田晋吉、梅浦洋一和编剧小川英在该剧“原作”一职使用共同笔名“魔久平”（日语：ま・くべい，罗马化：Ma Kubei），该笔名即来自“麦克班恩”的日语读法“マクベイン，Makubein”。

Evan Hunter (born Salvatore Albert Lombino; October 15, 1926 – July 6, 2005) was an American author of crime and mystery fiction. He is best known as the author of the 87th Precinct novels, published under the pen name Ed McBain, which are considered staples of the police procedural genre.

His other notable works include The Blackboard Jungle, a semi-autobiographical novel about life in a troubled inner-city school, which was adapted into a hit 1955 film of the same name. He also wrote the screenplay for Alfred Hitchcock’s 1963 film The Birds, based on the Daphne du Maurier short story.

Lombino published a handful of short stories under his birth name before adopting Evan Hunter in 1952 as both his legal name and the name he used for general fiction. He initially used Richard Marsten for genre fiction, but this fell by the wayside after the 87th Precinct series was launched under the name of Ed McBain. He also published one novel each as John Abbott, Curt Cannon and Ezra Hannon, and two novels as Hunt Collins. Most of the books he wrote as Marsten and under miscellaneous pseudonyms were later reissued as the work of Ed McBain.

Life

Early life

Salvatore Lombino was born and raised in New York City. He lived in East Harlem until age 12, when his family moved to the Bronx. He attended Olinville Junior High School (later Richard R. Green Middle School #113), then Evander Childs High School (now Evander Childs Educational Campus), before winning a New York Art Students League scholarship. Later, he was admitted as an art student at Cooper Union. Lombino served in the United States Navy during World War II and wrote several short stories while serving aboard a destroyer in the Pacific. However, none of these stories was published until after he had established himself as an author in the 1950s.

After the war, Lombino returned to New York and attended Hunter College, where he majored in English and psychology, with minors in dramatics and education, and graduated Phi Beta Kappa in 1950. He published a weekly column in the Hunter College newspaper as "S. A. Lombino". In 1981, Lombino was inducted into the Hunter College Hall of Fame, where he was honored for outstanding professional achievement.

While looking to start a career as a writer, Lombino took a variety of jobs, including 17 days as a teacher at Bronx Vocational High School in September 1950. This experience would later form the basis for his novel The Blackboard Jungle (1954), written under the pen name Evan Hunter, which was adapted into the film Blackboard Jungle (1955).

In 1951, Lombino took a job as an executive editor for the Scott Meredith Literary Agency, working with authors such as Poul Anderson, Arthur C. Clarke, Lester del Rey, Richard S. Prather, and P. G. Wodehouse. He made his first professional short story sale the same year, a science-fiction tale titled "Welcome, Martians!", credited to S. A. Lombino.

Name change and pen names

Soon after his initial sale, Lombino sold stories under the pen names Evan Hunter and Hunt Collins. The name Evan Hunter is generally believed to have been derived from two schools he attended, Evander Childs High School and Hunter College, although the author himself would never confirm that. (He did confirm that Hunt Collins was derived from Hunter College.) Lombino legally changed his name to Evan Hunter in May 1952, after an editor told him that a novel he wrote would sell more copies if credited to Evan Hunter than to S. A. Lombino. Thereafter, he used the name Evan Hunter both personally and professionally.

As Evan Hunter, he gained notice with his novel The Blackboard Jungle (1954) dealing with juvenile crime and the New York City public school system. The film adaptation followed in 1955.