费雷思

费雷思（英语：Leslie Feinberg，1949年9月1日—2014年11月15日），生于美国纽约州水牛城，是一个跨性别社会运动者、演讲者与作者，以身为工人世界党高阶党员闻名。费的伴侣是女同性恋诗人朴蜜妮（Minnie Bruce Pratt）。费的著作包括“Lavender & Red”（有关LGBT历史），还有半自传式小说《蓝调石墙T》。

费雷思这个名字是费在2003年来到台湾时取的。

Leslie Feinberg (September 1, 1949 – November 15, 2014) was an American butch lesbian, transgender activist, communist, and author. Feinberg authored Stone Butch Blues in 1993. Her writing, notably Stone Butch Blues and her pioneering popular history book Transgender Warriors (1996), laid the groundwork for much of the terminology and awareness around gender studies and was instrumental in bringing these issues to a more mainstream audience.

Early life

Feinberg was born in Kansas City, Missouri and raised in Buffalo, New York in a working-class, Jewish family. At fourteen years old, she began work at a display sign shop at a local department store. Feinberg eventually dropped out of Bennett High School, though she officially received a diploma. Feinberg began frequenting gay bars in Buffalo and primarily worked in low-wage and temporary jobs, including washing dishes, cleaning cargo ships, working as a sign-language interpreter, inputting medical data, and working at a PVC pipe factory and a book bindery.

Career

When Feinberg was in her twenties, she met members of the Workers World Party at a demonstration for the land rights and self-determination of Palestinians and joined the Buffalo branch of the party. After moving to New York City, Feinberg took part in anti-war, anti-racist, and pro-labor demonstrations on behalf of the party for many years, including the March Against Racism (Boston, 1974), a national tour about HIV/AIDS (1983–84), and a mobilization against KKK members (Atlanta, 1988).

Feinberg began writing in the 1970s. As a member of the Workers World Party, she was the editor of the political prisoners page of the Workers World newspaper for fifteen years, and by 1995, she had become the managing editor.

Feinberg's first novel, the 1993 Stone Butch Blues, won the Lambda Literary Award and the 1994 American Library Association Gay & Lesbian Book Award (now called the Stonewall Book Award). While there are parallels to Feinberg's experiences as a working-class dyke, the work is not an autobiography. Her second novel, Drag King Dreams, was released in 2006. It was a finalist for the Lambda Literary Award for Transgender Literature in 2007.

Her nonfiction work included the books Transgender Liberation: A Movement Whose Time Has Come in 1992 and Transgender Warriors: Making History from Joan of Arc to Dennis Rodman in 1996. Both works were finalists for Lambda Literary Awards for Transgender Literature. Also in 1996, Feinberg appeared in Rosa von Praunheim's documentary, Transexual Menace. In 2009, she released Rainbow Solidarity in Defense of Cuba—a compilation of 25 journalistic articles.

In Transgender Warriors, Feinberg suggests that the term "transgender" was commonly used in two different ways. It served as an umbrella term encompassing anyone who questions or challenges traditional ideas of sex and gender. Additionally, it referred specifically to the distinction between individuals who change the sex assigned to them at birth and those whose gender expression is seen as not aligning with societal expectations for their sex.

Feinberg's writings on LGBT history, "Lavender & Red", frequently appeared in the Workers World newspaper.

Feinberg was outspoken about her support for Palestinians. In a 2007 speech given to the first public conference of Aswat, an organization for LGBT Palestinian women, in Haifa in 2007, Feinberg said, "I am with Palestinian liberation with every breath in my body; every muscle and every sinew." In a 2006 interview with Mattilda Bernstein Sycamore about Drag King Dreams, Feinberg said of her novel's Jewish characters, "for Heshie and Max, this question of the occupation of Palestine goes to the heart of what it means to live an authentic life in a period in which this really historical crime is taking place in their name."

Awards and recognition

In 2007 Feinberg was awarded an honorary doctorate from Starr King School for the Ministry for transgender and social justice work.