莱曼·弗兰克·鲍姆

李曼·弗兰克·鲍姆（英语：Lyman Frank Baum、/bɔːm/; 1856年5月15日—1919年5月6日），又译为富兰克·鲍姆，是一名美国作家，以创作儿童奇幻文学著称。其代表作为儿童文学经典《绿野仙踪》及系列作品。

鲍姆共创作了包含《绿野仙踪》在内的系列多部童话故事和儿童文学，共创作了14本《绿野仙踪》系列小说，以及41部其他小说（不包括四本未出版的失落作品）、83篇短篇小说、超过200首诗歌和至少42部剧本。他曾多次尝试将作品搬上舞台和电影等领域，其中《绿野仙踪》在1939年的改编电影被视为20世纪电影的经典代表作。

鲍姆自幼于纽约州奇特南戈成长。在未能在剧院制片人和剧作家的职业生涯中取得成功后，他搬到西部，并在南达科他州与妻子开设商店，并编辑出版了一份报纸。之后，他们搬到芝加哥，鲍姆在那里担任报纸记者并创作儿童文学作品。1900年，他出版了第一本《绿野仙踪》并继续创作，他的最后一个创作项目是尝试在加利福尼亚州洛杉矶建立一个专注于儿童电影的电影工作室。

Lyman Frank Baum (May 15, 1856 – May 6, 1919) was an American author best known for his children's fantasy books, particularly The Wonderful Wizard of Oz, part of a series. In addition to the 14 Oz books, Baum penned 41 other novels (not including four lost, unpublished novels), 83 short stories, over 200 poems, and at least 42 scripts. He made numerous attempts to bring his works to the stage and screen; the 1939 adaptation of the first Oz book became a landmark of 20th-century cinema.

Born and raised in Chittenango, New York, Baum moved west after an unsuccessful stint as a theater producer and playwright. He and his wife opened a store in Aberdeen, South Dakota, and he edited and published a newspaper, The Aberdeen Saturday Pioneer. They then moved to Chicago, where he worked as a newspaper reporter and published children's literature, coming out with the first Oz book in 1900. While continuing his writing, among his final projects he sought to establish a film studio in Los Angeles, California.

His works anticipated such later commonplace things as television, augmented reality, laptop computers (The Master Key), wireless telephones (Tik-Tok of Oz), women in high-risk and action-heavy occupations (Mary Louise in the Country), and the ubiquity of advertising on clothing (Aunt Jane's Nieces at Work).

Childhood and early life

Baum was born in Chittenango, New York, in 1856 into a devout Methodist family. He had German, Scots-Irish, and English ancestry. He was the seventh of nine children of Cynthia Ann (née Stanton) and Benjamin Ward Baum, only five of whom survived into adulthood. "Lyman" was the name of his father's brother (Lyman Spaulding Baum), but he always disliked it and preferred his middle name "Frank".

His father succeeded in many businesses, including barrel-making, oil drilling in Pennsylvania, and real estate. Baum grew up on his parents' expansive estate called Rose Lawn, which he fondly recalled as a sort of paradise. Rose Lawn was located in Mattydale, New York. Baum was a sickly, dreamy child, tutored at home with his siblings. From the age of 12, he spent two years at Peekskill Military Academy but, after being severely disciplined for daydreaming, he had a possibly psychogenic heart attack and was allowed to return home.

Baum started writing early in life, possibly prompted by his father buying him a cheap printing press. He had always been close to his younger brother Henry (Harry) Clay Baum, who helped in the production of The Rose Lawn Home Journal. The brothers published several issues of the journal, including advertisements from local businesses, which they gave to family and friends for free. By age 17, Baum established a second amateur journal, The Stamp Collector; printed an 11-page pamphlet, Baum's Complete Stamp Dealers' Directory, co-written by Henry Clay Baum and William Norris; and started a stamp dealership with friends.

At 20, Baum took on the national craze of breeding poultry. He specialized in raising the Hamburg chicken. In March 1880, he established a monthly trade journal, The Poultry Record. In 1886, when Baum was 30 years old, his first book was published: The Book of the Hamburgs: A Brief Treatise upon the Mating, Rearing, and Management of the Different Varieties of Hamburgs.

Baum had a flair for being the spotlight of fun in the household, including during times of financial difficulties. His selling of fireworks made the Fourth of July memorable. His skyrockets, Roman candles, and fireworks filled the sky, while many people around the neighborhood would gather in front of the house to watch the displays. Christmas was even more festive. Baum dressed as Santa Claus for the family. His father would place the Christmas tree behind a curtain in the front parlor so that Baum could talk to everyone while he decorated the tree without people managing to see him. He maintained this tradition all his life.