格洛丽亚·E·安札杜尔

格洛丽亚·伊万吉丽娜·安札杜尔（英语：Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa，1942年9月26日—2004年5月15日）是美国齐卡诺人文化理论、女性主义与酷儿理论学者。她最为知名的著作是《疆界：新麦士蒂索人》，该书大致基于其在墨西哥与美国德克萨斯州交界处的成长经历及其毕生所感受到的社会与文化排斥而写就。此外，安札杜尔也在两国边境所带来之混合的边缘性文化方面有着独特的理论。

Gloria Evangelina Anzaldúa (September 26, 1942 – May 15, 2004) was an Chicana philosopher and scholar of Chicana feminism, cultural theory, and queer theory. She loosely based her best-known book, Borderlands/La Frontera: The New Mestiza (1987), on her life growing up on the Mexico–Texas border and incorporated her lifelong experiences of social and cultural marginalization into her work. She also developed theories about the marginal, in-between, and mixed cultures that develop along borders, including on the concepts of Nepantla, Coyoxaulqui imperative, new tribalism, and spiritual activism. Her other notable publications include This Bridge Called My Back: Writings by Radical Women of Color (1981), co-edited with Cherríe Moraga.

Born in Río Grande Valley of South Texas, she worked as a teacher and writer until she moved to California in 1977. She died in 2004 while completing a doctorate in literature at the University of California, Santa Cruz, which was awarded post-humously in 2005; her unfinished dissertation was published as Light in the Dark/Luz en los Oscuro in 2015.

Early life and education

Anzaldúa was born in the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas on September 26, 1942, the eldest of four children born to Urbano and Amalia (née García) Anzaldúa. Her great-grandfather, Urbano Sr., once a precinct judge in Hidalgo County, was the first owner of the Jesús María Ranch on which she was born. Her mother grew up on an adjoining ranch, Los Vergeles ("the gardens"), which was owned by her family, and she met and married Urbano Anzaldúa when both were very young. Anzaldúa was a descendant of Spanish settlers who came to the Americas in the 16th and 17th centuries. The surname Anzaldúa is of Basque origin. Her paternal grandmother was of Spanish and German ancestry, descending from some of the earliest settlers of the South Texas range country. She has described her father's family as being "very poor aristocracy, but aristocracy anyway" and her mother as "very india, working class, with maybe some black blood which is always looked down on in the valley where I come from."

Anzaldúa wrote that her family gradually lost their wealth and status over the years, eventually being reduced to poverty and being forced into migrant labor, something her family resented because "[t]o work in the fields is the lowest job, and to be a migrant worker is even lower." Her father was a tenant farmer and sharecropper who kept 60% of what he earned, while 40% went to a white-owned corporation called Rio Farms, Inc. Anzaldúa claimed that her family lost their land due to a combination of both "taxes and dirty manipulation" from white people who were buying up land in South Texas through "trickery" and from the behavior of her "very irresponsible grandfather", who lost "a lot of land and money through carelessness". Anzaldúa was left with an inheritance of "a little piece" of 12 acres, which she deeded over to her mother Amalia. Her maternal grandmother Ramona Dávila had amassed land grants from the time Texas was part of Mexico, but the land was lost due to "carelessness, through white peoples' greed, and my grandmother not knowing English".