多萝西·戴

多萝西·戴（英语：Dorothy Day；1897年11月8日—1980年11月29日），20世纪美国记者，社会活动家，天主教无政府主义者与和平主义者。在皈依之前她的生活是波西米亚式（非传统生活风格）的，这种转变在她的自传里有所描述。她主张天主教的经济分产主义。1917年，戴因参加艾丽斯·保罗的沉默哨兵运动被拘捕。20世纪30年代，她和积极分子彼得·莫瑞紧密合作，创建了天主教工人运动。此运动是一个非战主义运动，为了贫穷和无家可归的人的利益把对他们的直接帮助和非暴力行动结合起来。她坚持公民不服从，因而在1955年，1957年还有1973年她75岁时多次被逮捕。作为这个运动的一部分， 她在1931年共同创建了天主教工人报社，并从1933年担任其编辑直到1980年去世。她在报中倡导天主教的经济分产主义理论，她认为这是资本主义和社会主义之间的第三条道路。她的行动和写作使她获得了作为一个激进政治者的国家声誉，也许是美国天主教会的历史最有名的激进者。戴作为一个献身修道的人加入本笃会丰富其精神生活。

天主教会已经开始就为戴封圣进行讨论，而罗马教廷也已经开始进行相关的调查。基于此原因，教会给予她“天主之仆”的称号。

Dorothy May Day (November 8, 1897 – November 29, 1980) was an American journalist, social activist and anarchist who, after a bohemian youth, became a Catholic. She was perhaps the best-known political radical among American Catholics.

Day's conversion is described in her 1952 autobiography, The Long Loneliness. Day was also an active journalist, and described her social activism in her writings. In 1917, she was imprisoned as a member of suffragist Alice Paul's nonviolent Silent Sentinels. In the 1930s, Day worked closely with fellow activist Peter Maurin to establish the Catholic Worker Movement, a pacifist movement that combines direct aid for the poor and homeless with nonviolent direct action on their behalf. She practiced civil disobedience, which led to additional arrests in 1955, 1957, and (aged 75) in 1973.

As part of the Catholic Worker Movement, Day co-founded the Catholic Worker newspaper in 1933, and served as its editor from 1933 until her death in 1980. In this newspaper, Day advocated the Catholic economic theory of distributism, which she considered a third way between capitalism and socialism. Pope Benedict XVI used her conversion story as an example of how to "journey towards faith... in a secularized environment." In an address before the United States Congress, Pope Francis included her in a list of four exemplary Americans who "buil[t] a better future".

The Catholic Church has opened a beatification process for Dorothy Day. For that reason, the Church refers to her with the title Servant of God.

Biography

Early years

Dorothy May Day was born on November 8, 1897, in the Brooklyn Heights neighborhood of Brooklyn, New York. She was born into a family described by one biographer as "solid, patriotic, and middle class". Her father, John Day, was a Tennessee native of Irish heritage, while her mother, Grace Satterlee, a native of upstate New York, was of English ancestry. Her parents were married in an Episcopal church in Greenwich Village. She had three brothers (including Donald S. Day) and a sister and was the third oldest child. In 1904, her father, a sportswriter devoted to horse racing, took a position with a newspaper in San Francisco. The family lived in Oakland, California, until the San Francisco Earthquake of 1906 destroyed the newspaper's facilities, and her father lost his job. From the spontaneous response to the earthquake's devastation, the self-sacrifice of neighbors in a time of crisis, Day drew a lesson about individual action and the Christian community. The family relocated to Chicago.

Day's parents were nominal Christians who rarely attended church. As a young child, she showed a marked religious streak, reading the Bible frequently. When she was ten, she started to attend the Church of Our Saviour, an Episcopal church in the Lincoln Park neighborhood of Chicago, after its rector convinced her mother to let Day's brothers join the church choir. She was taken with the liturgy and its music. She studied the catechism and was baptized and confirmed in that church in 1911.

Day was an avid reader in her teens, particularly fond of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. She worked from one book to another, noting Jack London's mention of Herbert Spencer in Martin Eden, and then from Spencer to Darwin and Huxley. She learned about anarchy and extreme poverty from Peter Kropotkin, who promoted the belief that only cooperation and mutual aid could create a truly free society. She also enjoyed Russian literature while in university studies, especially Dostoevsky, Tolstoy, and Gorky. Day read a lot of socially conscious work, which gave her a background for her future; it helped bolster her support for and involvement in social activism. Day graduated from Robert Waller High School in 1914.