纳瓦勒·萨达维

纳瓦勒·萨达维（阿拉伯语：نوالالسعداوى，1931年10月27日—2021年3月21日）是埃及女性主义作家、活动家、医生和精神病专家。书写主题多围绕伊斯兰妇女，特别关注女阴残割一事。

她是阿拉伯妇女团结协会（Arab Women's Solidarity Association）的创办人兼主席和阿拉伯人权协会的创办人之一。她先后在三大洲被授予荣誉学位。 2004年，她赢得了欧洲理事会南北奖。2005年获得比利时Inana国际奖。

《零点女人》（1975）是其小说代表作。

Nawal El Saadawi (Arabic: نوال السعداوي, ALA-LC: Nawāl as-Saʿdāwī; 27 October 1931 – 21 March 2021) was an Egyptian feminist writer, activist, physician, and psychiatrist. She wrote numerous books on women in Islam, focusing on issues affecting women in the Global South, including sexuality, patriarchy, social class, and colonialism.

She was the founder and president of the Arab Women's Solidarity Association. She was also a co-founder of the Arab Association for Human Rights.

She received honorary degrees from universities on three continents. In 2004, she was awarded the North–South Prize by the Council of Europe. In 2005, she received the Inana International Prize in Belgium. In 2012, the International Peace Bureau awarded her the Seán MacBride Peace Prize.

Early life

The second-eldest of nine children, Saadawi was born on 27 October 1931 in the small village of Kafr Tahla, Egypt. Saadawi was subjected to female genital mutilation at the age of six, though her father believed that both girls and boys should be educated. She had described her mother and father as being relatively liberal when growing up.

Her Upper Egyptian father was a government official in the Ministry of Education, who had campaigned against the British occupation of Egypt during the Egyptian Revolution of 1919. As a result, he was exiled to a small town in the Nile Delta, and the government refrained from promoting him for 10 years. He was relatively progressive and taught his daughter self-respect and to speak her mind. He also encouraged her to study the Arabic language. However, when El Saadawi was 10 years old, her family tried to make her marry, but her mother supported her in resisting. Both her parents died at a young age, leaving Saadawi with the sole burden of providing for a large family. Her mother, Zaynab, was partially descendant from a wealthy Ottoman family; Saadawi described both her maternal grandfather, Shoukry, and her maternal grandmother as having Ottoman origin. Even as a child she objected to the male-dominated society she lived in, with sons valued far more highly than daughters, reacting angrily to her grandmother who said that "a boy is worth 15 girls at least... Girls are a blight". She described herself proudly as a dark-skinned Egyptian woman since she was young.

Career

Saadawi graduated as a medical doctor in 1955 from Cairo University. That year, she married Ahmed Helmi, whom she met as a fellow student in medical school. They have a daughter, Mona Helmi. The marriage ended after two years. Through her medical practice, she observed women's physical and psychological problems and connected them with oppressive cultural practices, patriarchal oppression, class oppression and imperialist oppression. Her second husband was a colleague, Rashad Bey.

While working as a doctor in her birthplace of Kafr Tahla, she observed the hardships and inequalities faced by rural women. After attempting to protect one of her patients from domestic violence, Saadawi was summoned back to Cairo. She eventually became the Director of the Ministry of Public Health and met her third husband, Sherif Hatata, while sharing an office in the Ministry of Health. Hatata, also a medical doctor and writer, had been a political prisoner for 13 years. They married in 1964 and have a son. Saadawi and Hatata lived together for 43 years and divorced in 2010.