拉尔夫·纳德

拉尔夫·纳德（英语：Ralph Nader，1934年2月27日—）是美国的一位律师、作家、演说家和政治人物。

他曾专注于研究高风险的汽车设计，并指出该些设计导致车祸及有关死亡人数增加。其中主要的车型包括雪佛兰Corvair和福特Pinto。他也被认为帮助乔治·沃克·布希当选为美国总统。

政治生涯

纳德以绿党参选人身份参加1996年美国总统选举和2000年美国总统选举，还以独立参选人身份参选2004年美国总统选举和2008年美国总统选举。其关切的领域有消费者保护、人权、环境和民主政府。

相关

在2000年美国总统选举中，纳德的角色备受争议，当时他在佛罗里达州取得九万多票，导致两党候选人得票接近引发长达一个月的计票风波，他被认为抢走时任美国副总统的民主党候选人艾尔·高尔的选票，导致高尔最终仅以537票输掉大选，民主党人士长期以来指责，在最富争议性的佛罗里达州，小布什仅胜高尔537票，而纳德在佛州获得了97,000多票。如果纳德当年不参选，只要其中1%的选民转投给高尔，那高尔就当选总统了。

他在2008年宣布再度参选总统后，当时民主党的候选人奥巴马和希拉里认为这有些冲击，奥巴马还说纳德分不清高尔和布什，自2000年参选到现在已经八年了，选民应该知道纳德根本不知所云。共和党的候选人哈克比则表示欢迎加入，认为可能吸走民主党的选票。面对民主党候选人的冷淡反应，纳德不以为意，认为他们将他视为二等公民，他认为共和党政府如此烂的政绩下，如果这次民主党候选人无法获得压倒性的胜利，民主党应该关门。面对民主党指责他是高尔落选的帮凶，纳德在2000年曾表示，民主党人的说法很可耻。民主党不自行检讨为何选民投票给他，还怪他给选民提供除了两党以外的第三个选择。他当时强调，如果高尔这么优秀，为何在自己的家乡田纳西州都会输给布什。

Ralph Nader (born February 27, 1934) is an American lawyer and political activist involved in consumer protection, environmentalism, and government reform causes. He has been a presidential candidate repeatedly. His 1965 book Unsafe at Any Speed, which criticized the automotive industry for its safety record, helped lead to the passage of the National Traffic and Motor Vehicle Safety Act in 1966.

The son of Lebanese immigrants to the United States, Nader attended Princeton University and Harvard Law School. He quickly developed an interest in vehicle designs that were hazardous and contributed to elevated levels of car accidents and fatalities. Published in 1965, Unsafe at Any Speed became a highly influential critique of the safety record of American automobile manufacturers, focusing on General Motors' Chevrolet Corvair automobile in particular.

Following the publication of Unsafe at Any Speed, Nader led a group of volunteer law students—dubbed "Nader's Raiders"—in an investigation of the Federal Trade Commission, leading directly to that agency's overhaul and reform. In the 1970s, Nader leveraged his growing popularity to establish a number of advocacy and watchdog groups including the Public Interest Research Group, the Center for Auto Safety, and Public Citizen. Two of Nader's most notable targets were the Chevy Corvair and the Ford Pinto.

Nader made four bids to become President of the United States, running with the Green Party in 1996 and 2000 and as an independent in 2004 and 2008. In each campaign, Nader said he sought to highlight under-reported issues and a perceived need for electoral reform. He won nearly three million votes in the 2000 United States presidential election, and for that reason there were allegations that his candidacy that year helped Republican candidate George W. Bush win a close election against Democratic candidate Al Gore.

A two-time Nieman Fellow, Nader is the author or co-author of more than two dozen books and was the subject of a documentary film on his life and work, An Unreasonable Man, which debuted at the 2006 Sundance Film Festival. He has been repeatedly named to lists of the "100 Most Influential Americans", including those published by the magazines Life, Time, and The Atlantic. He was described by The New York Times as a "dissident".

Early life and education

Ralph Nader was born on February 27, 1934, in Winsted, Connecticut, to Rose (née Bouziane) and Nathra Nader, both of whom were Antiochian Greek Christian immigrants from Mount Lebanon and the Beqaa Valley in Southeastern Lebanon. After settling in Connecticut, Nathra Nader worked in a textile mill before opening a bakery and restaurant. Ralph Nader occasionally helped at his father's restaurant; he also worked as a newspaper delivery boy for the local paper, the Winsted Register Citizen. Nader graduated from The Gilbert School in 1951, going on to attend Princeton University. Though he was offered a scholarship to Princeton, his father forced him to decline it on the grounds that the family was able to pay Nader's tuition and the funds should go to a student who could not afford it. Nader graduated magna cum laude and Phi Beta Kappa with a Bachelor of Arts from the Woodrow Wilson School of Public and International Affairs in 1955 after completing a senior thesis titled "Lebanese Agriculture".