基思·理查兹

基思·理查兹（英语：Keith Richards，1943年12月18日—），英国音乐家、歌手、词曲创作人，以及英国摇滚乐队滚石乐团的创始成员之一。随着乐团在1989年被引入摇滚名人堂 ， 在滚石杂志一百大吉他手，2003年列为第10名，2011年列为第4名。与主唱米克·贾格尔合作的歌曲中有十四首入选滚石杂志五百大歌曲。

早期生活

基思·理查兹出生于伦敦以东泰晤士河的达特福德，并在那里长大。基思·理查兹是伯特·理查兹和多丽丝·理查兹（娘家姓杜普里）唯一的孩子。父亲伯特和母亲多丽丝都在埃德蒙顿一家工厂上班而相识。基思的祖父，西奥多·奥古斯都·杜普利曾在父亲的朋友处学会了拉小提琴，掌握多种乐器演奏。促进了基思对音乐的兴趣和热爱。

1959年，基思十五岁时候，母亲给他买了他的第一把吉他。同年，基思·理查兹被达特福德技校开除，转入锡德卡普艺术学院。在锡德卡普艺术学院里他投入了更多的时间来演奏吉他，在此期间他学会了大部分的查克·贝里的独奏。

基思·理查兹与米克·贾格尔曾是小学同学，也是邻居。后来基思·理查兹搬家，米克·贾格尔也从丹佛路搬到了郊区的威尔明顿，两人就此分别。后来在基思·理查兹1962年4月写的一封信中，详细记录了1961年在达福德火车站遇到米克·贾格尔的情形。当时基思·理查兹手里拿着一张查克·贝里的唱片引起了米克·贾格尔的注意。传闻这是两人幼年分别后的第一次见面，但在基思·理查兹的自传小说《滚吧，生活》中提到在这次相遇之前，基思·理查兹曾经在达特福德市政厅外遇到过米克·贾格尔，那是组建滚石乐队的前三年，当时米克·贾格尔15岁，在打暑期工卖冰淇淋。基思·理查兹买了一份，并表示“我还求他给我多装点儿”。

Keith Richards (born 18 December 1943) is an English musician, songwriter, singer and record producer who is an original member, guitarist, secondary vocalist, and co-principal songwriter of the Rolling Stones. His songwriting partnership with the band's lead vocalist Mick Jagger is one of the most successful in history. His career spans over six decades, and his guitar playing style has been a trademark of the Rolling Stones throughout the band's career. Richards gained press notoriety for his romantic involvements and illicit drug use, and he was often portrayed as a countercultural figure. First professionally known as Keith Richard, from 1978 he used his full family name.

Richards was born in and grew up in Dartford, Kent. He studied at the Dartford Technical School and Sidcup Art College. After graduating, Richards befriended Jagger, Bill Wyman, Charlie Watts, Ian Stewart and Brian Jones and joined the Rolling Stones. As a member of the group, Richards also sings lead on some of their songs, typically at least one song per concert, including "Happy", "Before They Make Me Run", and "Connection". Outside of his career with the Rolling Stones, Richards has also played with his own side-project, The X-Pensive Winos. He also appeared in two Pirates of the Caribbean films as Captain Teague, father of Jack Sparrow, whose look and characterisation were inspired by Richards himself.

In 1989, Richards was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and in 2004 into the UK Music Hall of Fame with the Rolling Stones. Rolling Stone magazine ranked him fourth on its list of 100 best guitarists in 2011. In 2023, Rolling Stone's ranking was 15th. The magazine listed fourteen songs that Richards wrote with Jagger on its "500 Greatest Songs of All Time" list.

Early life

Richards was born on 18 December 1943 at Livingston Hospital, in Dartford, Kent, England. He is the only child of Doris Maud Lydia (née Dupree) and Herbert William Richards. His father was a factory worker who was wounded in the Second World War during the Normandy invasion. Richards's paternal grandparents, Ernie and Eliza Richards, were socialists and civic leaders, whom he credited as "more or less creat[ing] the Walthamstow Labour Party", and both were mayors of the Municipal Borough of Walthamstow in Essex, with Eliza becoming mayor in 1941. His great-grandfather's family originated from Wales.

His maternal grandfather, Augustus Theodore "Gus" Dupree, who toured Britain with a jazz big band, Gus Dupree and His Boys, fostered Richards's interest in the guitar. Richards has said that it was Dupree who gave him his first guitar. His grandfather "teased" the young Richards with a guitar that was on a shelf that Richards couldn't reach at the time. Finally, Dupree told Richards that if Richards could reach the guitar, he could have it. Richards then devised all manner of ways of reaching the guitar, including putting books and cushions on a chair, until finally getting hold of the instrument, after which his grandfather taught him the rudiments of Richards's first tune, "Malagueña". He worked on the number "like mad", and then his grandfather let him keep the guitar, which he called "the prize of the century". Richards played at home, listening to recordings by Billie Holiday, Louis Armstrong, Duke Ellington, and others. His father, on the other hand, disparaged his son's musical enthusiasm. One of Richards's first guitar heroes was Elvis's guitarist Scotty Moore.