哈里·穆里施

哈里·库特·维克托·穆里施（荷兰语：Harry Kurt Victor Mulisch，1927年7月29日—2010年10月30日），荷兰作家，出版超过 30 部小说、戏剧、随笔、诗集与哲学反思。与赫拉德·雷夫、威廉·弗雷德里克·赫尔曼斯合誉为战后荷兰文学三巨头（De Grote Drie）。

穆里施的双亲是来自奥地利的移民，父亲是日耳曼人，母亲是犹太人，加上在二战期间成长的背景，种族矛盾与战争深深影响着穆里施的写作作品。1947年穆里施发表了第一篇故事《委员会》（De kamer），1952年出版了第一部长篇小说《阿奇博尔德·舒特罗哈尔姆》（archibald strohalm），直至2001年最后一本长篇小说《齐格弗里德》（Siegfried），2004年最后一篇文章《关于死亡的笑话》（Anekdoten rondom de dood），共发表了 30 部小说、8 部戏剧、10 部诗集、以及为数很多的其他类型文章。

穆里施1982年发行的长篇小说《暗杀》（De Aanslag），改编拍摄成1986年发行的荷兰语同名电影，获得当年度金球奖和奥斯卡最佳外语片奖。

Harry Kurt Victor Mulisch (Dutch pronunciation: [ˈɦɑri ˈmulɪɕ]; 29 July 1927 – 30 October 2010) was a Dutch writer. He wrote more than 80 novels, plays, essays, poems, and philosophical reflections. Mulisch's works have been translated into 38 languages.

Along with Willem Frederik Hermans and Gerard Reve, Mulisch is considered one of the "Great Three" (De Grote Drie) of Dutch postwar literature. His novel The Assault (1982) was adapted into a film that won both a Golden Globe and an Academy Award. Mulisch's work is also popular among the country's public: a 2007 poll of NRC Handelsblad readers voted his novel The Discovery of Heaven (1992) the greatest Dutch book ever written. He was regularly mentioned as a possible future Nobel laureate. He won the 2007 International Nonino Prize in Italy.

Life

Harry Kurt Victor Mulisch was born on 29 July 1927 in Haarlem in the Netherlands. Mulisch's father was from Austria-Hungary and emigrated to the Netherlands after the First World War. During the German occupation in World War II his father worked for a German bank which also dealt with confiscated Jewish assets. His mother, Alice Schwarz, was Jewish. Mulisch and his mother escaped transportation to a concentration camp thanks to Mulisch's father's collaboration with the Nazis, but his maternal grandmother was killed in a gas chamber. Mulisch was raised largely by his parents' housemaid, Frieda Falk. Mulisch said of himself, he did not just write about World War II, he was WWII.

Mulisch lived in Amsterdam from 1958 until his death in 2010.

Mulisch had two daughters, his daughters Frieda and Anna, with his wife Sjoerdje Woudenberg, and a son, Menzo, from his relationship with Kitty Saal.

Death

Mulisch died in 2010. His death occurred at his Amsterdam home and his family was with him at the time. Dutch prime minister Mark Rutte described his death as "a loss for Dutch literature and the Netherlands". Culture minister Halbe Zijlstra bemoaned the demise of the "Big Three" as Gerard Reve and Willem Frederik Hermans had already died. Marlise Simons of The New York Times said his "gift for writing with clarity about moral and philosophical themes made him an enormously influential figure in the Netherlands and earned him recognition abroad". The L Magazine's Mark Ashe quoted the American editions of his novels by referring to him as "Holland's Greatest Author" and "Holland's most important postwar writer".

Works

Mulisch gained international recognition with the film The Assault (1986), based on his book of the same title (1982). It received an Oscar and a Golden Globe for best foreign movie and has been translated into more than twenty languages.

His novel The Discovery of Heaven (1992) is considered his masterpiece and was voted "the best Dutch-language book ever" by Dutch readers in a 2007 newspaper poll. "It is the book that shaped our generation; it made us love, even obsess, with reading", said Peter-Paul Spanjaard, 32, a lawyer in Amsterdam at the time of Mulisch's death. It was filmed in 2001 as The Discovery of Heaven by Jeroen Krabbé, starring Stephen Fry.

Among the many awards he received for individual works and his total body of work, the most important is the Prijs der Nederlandse Letteren (Prize of Dutch Literature, a lifetime achievement award) in 1995.

Themes in his work

A frequent theme in his work is the Second World War. His father had worked for the Germans during the war and went to prison for three years afterwards. As the war spanned most of Mulisch's formative phase, it had a defining influence on his life and work. In 1961, Mulisch travelled twice to Israel as a reporter for Elseviers Weekblad to cover the Eichmann trial; seventeen of his articles on the proceedings appeared between April and December. He expanded this material into the nonfiction reportage De Zaak 40/61, published in 1962. Major works set against the backdrop of the Second World War are De Aanslag (The Assault), Het stenen bruidsbed, and Siegfried.