袁宏

袁宏（328年—376年），字彦伯，小字虎，又称袁虎，常被称为袁彦伯，陈郡阳夏县（今河南省周口市太康县）人，曹魏名臣袁涣的六世孙，袁猷之孙，吴郡太守袁山松的堂叔，东晋的文学家、史学家。

生平

年少家里很贫苦，有超人之才华，文章绝美于世。最初做谢安的参军，后来担任了桓温的记室，并出任东阳郡太守。太元初年病逝。

兴宁元年（363年）曾出任南海太守。

著作

因为不满当时的《后汉书》，继荀悦编著《汉纪》后，他编著了《后汉纪》三十卷，并著有《竹林名士传》三卷及《东征赋》、《北征赋》、《三国名臣颂》等篇。另一方面，袁宏本人亦尚玄虚。

《竹林名士传》书成前，袁宏另分类了“正始名士”和“中朝名士”。

逸事

桓温领兵北征时，命令袁宏靠着马拟公文，一会儿他就写成了七张纸，而且做得很好。后人因以“倚马”或“倚马千言”来比喻文思敏捷。出自《世说新语·文学》，原文为“桓宣武北征，袁虎时从，被责免官，会须露布文，唤袁倚马前令作，手不辍笔，俄得七纸，殊可观”。唐朝诗人吴融《灵池县见早梅》诗引用此典故，曰“栖身未识登龙地，落笔原非倚马才。”

袁宏出任东阳太守时，谢安曾以一扇相赠，袁宏答谢道：“辄当奉扬仁风，慰彼黎庶。”后人因以“扬风仁政”来比喻为官清廉仁厚。

少孤贫，以运租自业。谢尚时镇牛渚，秋夜乘月，率尔与左右微服泛江。会袁宏在舫中讽咏，声既清会，辞又藻拔，遂驻听久之。谢尚遣问知是袁所自作咏史诗，于是与之谭论，申旦不寐，自此袁宏名誉日茂。

家庭

祖辈

祖父袁猷，与兄长袁瑰齐名，官至侍中。

父袁勖，字敬宗，临汝县令

子

袁超子

袁成子

袁明子，有父亲作风，官至临贺郡太守

Yuan Hong (Chinese: 袁宏; Wade–Giles: Yüan Hung, 328?–376?), courtesy name Yanbo (彦伯), was a scholar, historian and politician from the Eastern Jin. He was born in Zhoukou, Henan, and served as an advisor to generals Xie Shang and Huan Wen on a number of military campaigns. He was also a descendant of Yuan Huan.

While on one of the latter general's campaigns, Yuan was asked to compose an official document. While leaning against his horse, he managed to complete seven pages, which led to the chengyu yǐmǎkědài (traditional Chinese: 倚馬可待; simplified Chinese: 倚马可待).

Yuan is best known for his literary works, especially the Annals of the Later Han, which served as the basis for the more famous Book of Later Han by Fan Ye. An original collection of works by him, in thirty volumes, is no longer extant. Around twenty poems and essays have been preserved.

Politically, Yuan Hong was against Huan Wen usurping the throne. In 373, when Huan was gravely ill and craved to be given the Nine bestowments, Yuan worked together with Xie An, Wang Tanzhi and Wang Biaozhi (王彪之) to delay the bestowment. Huan died in August that year without receiving the bestowments.

Anecdotes

Yuan Hong was serving under Huan when he composed the Dong Zheng Fu (东征赋), which commemorated many northerners who came south to join the Eastern Jin court. However, the poem did not mention Huan's father Huan Yi. Yuan's friend, Fu Tao (伏滔), who was also under Huan, urged Yuan to include Huan Yi; Yuan merely smiled and did not reply. When Huan Wen knew of the omission, he was angry but due to Yuan's literary reputation, Huan did not want to question Yuan openly. One day, Huan Wen went on a boat trip and ordered Yuan to come along. Many who were on the boat trip were fearful for Yuan. After sailing several li, Huan then asked Yuan, "I heard that you composed the Dong Zheng Fu and praised many pioneers; why leave out my father?" Yuan replied, "I was thinking about how to properly address your father. Since I haven't reached a decision, I didn't dare to reveal what I have written." Huan, still suspicious that Yuan wasn't truthful, then asked, "What were you planning to write?" Yuan's reply moved Huan to tears.