桑德拉·希斯内罗丝

桑德拉·希斯内罗丝（英语：Sandra Cisneros，1954年12月20日—），出生于美国的芝加哥，美国当代著名的女诗人和散文家，墨西哥裔，1984年，在她年仅30岁时就凭借《芒果街上的小屋》一举成名。此外还著有短篇故事集《喊女溪及其他》和若干诗集，具体有《My Wicked, Wicked Ways》《Bad Boys》等，长篇小说《拉拉的褐色披肩》（Caramelo）等。桑德拉的书行文清澈，亲切易懂，以女性作家特有的敏感笔触，述说着淡淡的喜悦与忧伤。

Sandra Cisneros (born December 20, 1954) is an American writer. She is best known for her first novel, The House on Mango Street (1984), and her subsequent short story collection, Woman Hollering Creek and Other Stories (1991). Her work includes experimentation with emerging subject positions, which she attributes to growing up in a context of cultural hybridity and economic inequality that endowed her with unique stories to tell. She is the recipient of numerous awards, including a National Endowment for the Arts Fellowship. She was awarded one of 25 new Ford Foundation Art of Change fellowships in 2017, and she is regarded as a key figure in Chicano literature.

Cisneros's early life provided many experiences that she later drew on, as a writer: she grew up as the only daughter, in a family of six brothers, which often made her feel isolated, and the constant movement of her family, between Mexico and the United States, instilled in her the sense of "always straddling two countries but not belonging to either culture." Cisneros's work deals with the formation of Chicana identity, exploring the challenges of being caught between Mexican and Anglo-American cultures, facing the misogynist attitudes present in both these cultures and experiencing poverty. For her insightful social critique and powerful prose style, Cisneros has achieved recognition, far beyond Chicano and Latino communities, to the extent that The House on Mango Street has been translated, worldwide, and it is taught, in U.S. classrooms, as a coming-of-age novel.

Cisneros has held a variety of professional positions, working as a teacher, a counselor, a college recruiter, a poet-in-the-schools, and an arts administrator, and she has maintained a strong commitment to community and literary causes. In 1998, she established the Macondo Writers Workshop, which provides socially conscious workshops, for writers. In 2000, she founded the Alfredo Cisneros Del Moral Foundation, which awards talented writers connected to Texas. Currently, Cisneros resides in Mexico.

Early life and education

Cisneros was born in Chicago, Illinois, on December 20, 1954, to a family of Mexican heritage, as the third of seven children. The only surviving daughter, she considered herself the "odd number, in a set of men.” Cisneros's great-grandfather had played the piano for the Mexican president and was from a wealthy background, but he gambled away his family's fortune. Her paternal grandfather, Enrique, was a veteran of the Mexican Revolution, and he used what money he had saved to give her father, Alfredo Cisneros de Moral, the opportunity to go to college. However, after failing classes, due to what Cisneros called his "lack of interest" in studying, Alfredo ran away to the United States, in an effort to escape his father's anger. While roaming the southern United States, with his brother, Alfredo visited Chicago, where he met Elvira Cordero Anguiano. After getting married, the pair settled, in one of Chicago's poorest neighborhoods. Cisneros's biographer, Robin Ganz, writes that she acknowledges her mother's family came from a very humble background, tracing its roots back to the Mexican state of Guanajuato, while her father's was much more "admirable".