内森·格莱泽

内森·格莱泽（英语：Nathan Glazer，1923年2月25日—2019年1月19日）是一位美国社会学家，他曾在加州大学伯克利分校任教，并在哈佛大学任教数十年。他也是现已停刊的政策期刊《公共利益》的联席编辑。内森·格莱泽因撰写《熔炉之上（Beyond the Melting Pot）》等书籍闻名，这些书籍多以处理种族或民族问题为主旨。他对于美国在1960年代中期实施的一些“伟大社会”计划持批评态度。在对于美国国内政策的问题思考上，内森·格莱泽经常被认为是“新保守派”，但他依然是民主党人。对于这个与自己最相关的“新保守主义”标签，内森·格莱泽形容自己对此“没有任何态度”，并说明这不是自己所选择的。

早年生活

内森·格莱泽于1923年2月25日出生于美国的纽约州纽约市，并在东哈莱姆与东布朗克斯长大。他的父母是来自波兰（时属俄罗斯帝国）的犹太移民，父亲是一名缝纫机操作员，而母亲则是家庭主妇。格莱泽的家庭使用意第绪语。内森·格莱泽的哥哥乔·格莱泽后来成为一个专注于劳工的激进主义民谣歌手。内森·格莱泽小时候就读于公立学校，后考入纽约市立学院。

Nathan Glazer (February 25, 1923 – January 19, 2019) was an American sociologist who taught at the University of California, Berkeley, and for several decades at Harvard University. He was a co-editor of the now-defunct policy journal The Public Interest.

Known for books such as Beyond the Melting Pot which deal with race and ethnicity, Glazer is critical of some of the Great Society programs of the mid-1960s.

He was often considered neoconservative in his thinking on domestic policy, but remained a Democrat.

He described himself as "indifferent" to the neoconservative label with which he is most associated and remarked that it was an appellation not of his choosing.

Early life

Born in New York City on February 25, 1923, Glazer grew up in the city's areas of East Harlem and the East Bronx. His parents, Jewish emigrants from the Russian Empire, spoke Yiddish in the home, and his father was a sewing machine operator. His older brother, Joe, would eventually become a folk musician who specialized in labor and radical themed songs. Glazer attended public school as a child and eventually the City College of New York.

When Glazer attended the City College of New York in the 1940s, it was known as a hotbed of radicalism. Glazer fell in with a number of other young Marxists who were hostile to Soviet-style communism. Glazer, Irving Howe, Daniel Bell, and Irving Kristol would meet in an alcove of the City College cafeteria, and they "spent their days trying to understand how the socialist ideal of political and economic justice had ended in Joseph Stalin’s murderous tyranny."

As Glazer would later recall, "one of the characteristics of [our] group was a notion of its universal competence... Culture, politics, whatever was happening we shot our mouths off on... It was a model created by the arrogance that if you're a Marxist you can understand anything and it was a model that even as we gave up our Marxism we nevertheless stuck with."

Looking back years later, Kristol would remark that "even at City, [Glazer] was never much of a radical."

Early career

World War II led to a belief among some of the leftists, including Glazer, that fascism was a greater threat than capitalism and that the United States, as a country that fought the fascists, ought to be viewed more favorably. Glazer became a member of the anti-communist left and only mildly criticized Joseph McCarthy when writing of him in the magazine Commentary. About the same time, Glazer also undertook a detailed study of the Rosenberg Case. Glazer's investigation convinced him not only of the Rosenbergs' guilt, but also that a larger number of conspirators were involved. As Glazer said, "The story that has not been told is of espionage more extensive than we know."

Looking back at the McCarthy era over 40 years later as an interviewee in the film Arguing the World, Glazer reflected on the stance he and some other liberal anticommunists took: "Even at the time and also in retrospect we never managed to figure out a good position, one that was respectable and moral and responsive to all the complicated issues raised... I still don't think we have one." In general, much of Glazer's work in the 1950s had strong strains of patriotism and optimism about the future, including a belief that the overwhelming majority of immigrants would come to identify completely with American values and thus assimilate into American society.