詹姆斯·道格拉斯·“吉姆”·莫里森

詹姆斯·道格拉斯·“吉姆”·莫里森（英语：James Douglas "Jim" Morrison，1943年12月8日—1971年7月3日），是一位美国创作歌手和诗人，其最出名的身份是洛杉矶摇滚乐队门户乐团的主唱。莫里森早年入迷于尼采、兰波和杰克·凯鲁亚克的作品，并以自己的能力把它们与歌词相结合，使他成为史上最有艺术才华、最有影响力的创作歌手之一。他20岁时进入洛杉矶加州大学电影学院研究生班学习，毕业后1965年与同学雷·曼札克等一共4人组成门户乐团。莫里森因酗酒于27岁时在法国巴黎住处的浴缸中突发死亡，使他成为著名的27俱乐部的一员。死亡原因声称为海洛因过量，但由于没有进行解剖，真正死因至今仍有争议。自他去世以来，他作为流行文化中最具叛逆精神且最常被提及的偶像之一，其声望经久不衰，代表着代沟和青年反主流文化。莫里森葬于巴黎拉雪兹公墓。

莫里森闻名于在乐队表演时即兴创作并朗诵诗歌。因他狂野的性格和舞台风格，评论家和歌迷认为他是摇滚史上最有代表性的、极富魅力和开创性的前台人之一。《滚石杂志》把他列为“史上最伟大的一百位歌手”榜单第47位，他在《经典摇滚》杂志“50位最伟大的摇滚歌手”中位列第22位。莫里森自称“高潮摇滚之王”。1993年和门户乐团一起被引入摇滚名人堂。

后世

在奥利佛·史东1991年的传记片《大门》中，吉姆·莫里森由方·基墨扮演。

James Douglas Morrison (December 8, 1943 – July 3, 1971) was an American singer-songwriter and poet who was the lead vocalist and primary lyricist of the rock band the Doors. Due to his charismatic persona, poetic lyrics, distinctive voice, and unpredictable performances, along with the dramatic circumstances surrounding his life and early death, Morrison is regarded by music critics and fans as one of the most influential and controversial frontmen in rock history. Since his death, his fame has endured as one of popular culture's top rebellious and oft-displayed icons, representing the generation gap and youth counterculture.

Together with keyboardist Ray Manzarek, Morrison founded the Doors in 1965 in Venice, California. The group spent two years in obscurity until shooting to prominence with its number-one hit single in the United States "Light My Fire", which was taken from the band's self-titled debut album. Morrison recorded a total of six studio albums with the Doors, all of which sold well and many of which received critical acclaim. He frequently gave spoken word poetry passages while the band was playing live shows. Manzarek said Morrison "embodied hippie counterculture rebellion". The Doors became known for their provocative live performances, including Morrison's arrest on stage in New Haven in 1967 and the controversial Miami concert in 1969, incidents that intensified his notoriety and led to legal battles that further cemented the band's reputation as symbols of 1960s countercultural defiance.

Morrison developed an alcohol dependency, which at times affected his performances on stage. In 1971, Morrison died unexpectedly in a Paris apartment at the age of 27, amid several conflicting witness reports. Since no autopsy was performed, the cause of Morrison's death remains disputed. Although the Doors recorded two more albums after Morrison died, his death greatly affected the band's success, and they split up two years later. In 1993, Morrison was posthumously inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame along with the other Doors members. Rolling Stone, NME, and Classic Rock have ranked him among the greatest rock singers of all time.

Biography

Early years and education

Morrison was born on December 8, 1943, in Melbourne, Florida, to Clara Virginia (née Clarke; 1919–2005) and Lt.(j.g.) George Stephen Morrison (1919–2008), later a rear admiral in the United States Navy. His ancestors were Scottish, Irish and English. Morrison had a younger sister, Anne Robin, who was born in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in 1947, and a younger brother, Andrew Lee Morrison, who was born in Los Altos, California in 1948.

In 1947, when he was three to four years old, Morrison allegedly witnessed a car crash in the desert of northern New Mexico, during which a truck overturned and some Native Americans were lying injured on the side of the road. He referred to this incident in the Doors' song "Peace Frog" from their 1970 album Morrison Hotel, and in his spoken word performances "Dawn's Highway" and "Ghost Song" on the posthumous 1978 album An American Prayer. Morrison described this incident as the most formative event of his life, and made repeated references to it in the imagery in his songs, poems, and interviews. Morrison believed the spirits or the ghosts of those "dead Indians leaped into [his] soul," and that he was "like a sponge, ready to sit there and absorb it."