叶茨

弗兰西丝·耶茨（英语：Frances Amelia Yates，1899年11月28日—1981年9月29日）是英国历史学家，研究文艺复兴时期。著有《焦尔达诺·布鲁诺与赫尔墨斯主义传统》、《记忆的艺术》和《玫瑰十字会的启蒙》。

生平

1924年毕业于伦敦大学学院法语专业。1926年获得伦敦大学学院法语硕士学位。1929年至1934年在伦敦大学学院教授法语。1934年出版文艺复兴时期欧洲翻译家约翰·弗洛里奥的传记《约翰·弗洛里奥：莎士比亚时代的意大利人》。1939年，加入瓦尔堡研究院。1943年，耶茨获得英国大学妇女联合会颁发的玛丽昂·赖利奖。

1961年，耶茨出版了《焦尔达诺·布鲁诺与赫尔墨斯主义传统》，此书被广泛认为是她的代表作，着重阐述了赫尔墨斯主义在焦尔达诺·布鲁诺作品中的作用，以及魔法和神秘主义在文艺复兴思想中的地位。1966年出版《记忆的艺术》，该书追溯了记忆术的历史，从古希腊的西莫尼德斯到文艺复兴时期的焦尔达诺·布鲁诺，以及戈特弗里德·莱布尼茨和17世纪科学方法的出现。1972年出版《玫瑰十字会的启蒙》，讨论玫瑰十字会的影响。1972年，耶茨被授予大英帝国勋章。1977年女王生日授勋仪式上被授予大英帝国女爵士勋章。在她生命的最后十年，批评她观点的人越来越多，而历史学家休·特雷弗-罗珀则成为她的支持者和朋友。1979年出版《伊丽莎白时代的神秘哲学》。1981年去世。

Dame Frances Amelia Yates (28 November 1899 – 29 September 1981) was an English historian of the Renaissance who wrote on the history of esotericism.

After attaining an MA in French at University College London, she began to publish her research in scholarly journals and academic books, focusing on 16th-century theatre and the life of the linguist and lexicographer John Florio. In 1941, she was employed by the Warburg Institute in London, and began to work on what she termed "Warburgian history", emphasising a pan-European and inter-disciplinary approach to historiography.

Her most acclaimed publication was Giordano Bruno and the Hermetic Tradition (1964), in which she emphasised the role of Hermeticism in Bruno's works and the role that magic and mysticism played in Renaissance thinking. The Art of Memory (1966), and The Rosicrucian Enlightenment (1972) are also major works. Yates wrote extensively on the occult or Neoplatonic philosophies of the Renaissance, which she is credited with making more accessible.

Biography

Youth: 1899–1913

Frances Amelia Yates was born on 28 November 1899 in the southern English coastal town of Southsea. She was the fourth child of middle-class parents, James Alfred and Hannah Malpas Yates, and had two sisters, Ruby and Hannah, and a brother, Jimmy. James was the son of a Royal Navy gunner, and occupied a senior position, overseeing the construction of dreadnoughts. He was a keen reader, ensuring that his children had access to plenty of books.

James was a devout Anglican Christian, influenced by the Oxford Movement and sympathetic to the Catholic Church. Frances was christened in February 1900 at St. Anne's Church in the dockyard, although from an early age had doubts about Christianity and the literal accuracy of the Bible.

In 1902, James was transferred to Chatham Dockyards, and then in December 1903 he relocated to Glasgow to become superintendent of shipbuilding on the River Clyde. There, the family began attending the Scottish Episcopal Church of St. Mary. James retired in 1911, although continued to offer his advice and expertise to the dockyards. The family moved regularly over the coming years, from a farmhouse in Ingleton, Yorkshire, to Llandrindod Wells, to Ripon, to Harrogate, and then to Oxton in Cheshire. They also took annual holidays to France each summer.

Throughout this period, Yates's education was haphazard. In her early years, she was home schooled, being taught to read by her sisters before her mother took over her education as they moved away from home. When in Glasgow she briefly attended the private Laurel Bank School, but wouldn't attend school for two years after leaving the city. Despite a lack of formal education, she read avidly, impressed by the plays of William Shakespeare, and the poetry of the Romantics and Pre-Raphaelites, in particular that of Dante Gabriel Rossetti and John Keats. She also began to write; in March 1913, Yates published a short story in the Glasgow Weekly Herald. Aged 16 she began writing a diary, in which she stated that "my brother wrote poems, my sister writes novels, my other sister paints pictures and I, I must & will do something. I am not much good at painting, I am no good at all at music, so there is only writing left. So I will write."

Early career: 1914–38

In 1914, the First World War broke out; her brother joined the British Army, and was killed in battle in 1915. As a result, she said that the "war broke our family... As a teenager I lived among the ruins."

Deciding to pursue a university education, she unsuccessfully sat the University of Oxford entrance exam, hoping to study history. The family subsequently moved to Claygate, Surrey, settling into a newly built house in which Yates lived until her death. Her sisters had moved away, leaving Frances to care for her ageing parents, although she also regularly took the train to central London, where she spent much time reading and researching in the library of the British Museum.