约翰·朱利叶斯·诺里奇

约翰·朱利叶斯·库珀，第二代诺威奇子爵（英语：John Julius Cooper, 2nd Viscount Norwich，也称为约翰·朱利叶斯·诺威奇，英语：John Julius Norwich，1929年9月15日—2018年6月1日）是一位英国历史学家。

代表作

《征服，1016—1130：西西里的诺曼王朝Ⅰ》（The Normans in the South, 1016-1130），1967年初版，1992年再版。

《王国，1130—1194：西西里的诺曼王朝Ⅱ》（The Kingdom in the Sun, 1130-1194），1970年，1992年再版。

拜占庭三部曲：

《拜占庭的新生：从拉丁世界到东方帝国》（Byzantium: The Early Centuries），1988年。

《拜占庭的巅峰：从光复时代到曼齐刻尔特》（Byzantium; v. 2: The Apogee），1992年。

《拜占庭的衰亡：从希腊君主到苏丹附庸》（Byzantium; v. 3: The Decline and Fall），1995年。

《四君主：亨利八世、弗朗索瓦一世、查理五世、苏莱曼大帝》（Four Princes: Henry VIII, Francis I, Charles V, Suleiman the Magnificent and the Obsessions that Forged Modern Europe），2016年。

《法国简史：从高卢人到戴高乐》（A History of France: from Gaul to de Gaulle），2018年。

John Julius Cooper, 2nd Viscount Norwich, (15 September 1929 – 1 June 2018), also known as John Julius Norwich, was an English popular historian, writer of widely read travel books, and television personality.

Cooper was born in London in 1929, the son of the Conservative politician and diplomat Duff Cooper and the actress Diana Manners. He joined the British Foreign Service in 1952, serving in Yugoslavia and Lebanon and as a member of the British delegation to the Disarmament Conference in Geneva. On his father's death in 1954, he became the second Viscount Norwich. In 1964, Norwich left the diplomatic service to become a writer.

His books included histories of Sicily under the Normans (1967, 1970), Venice (1977, 1981), the Byzantine Empire (1988, 1992, 1995), the Mediterranean (2006) and the Papacy (2011). He also served as an editor of series such as Great Architecture of the World, The Italian World, The New Shell Guides to Great Britain, The Oxford Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Art and the Duff Cooper Diaries.

Norwich also worked extensively in radio and television. He was the host of the BBC radio panel game My Word! for four years (1978–82) and was also a regional contestant on Round Britain Quiz. He wrote and presented about 30 television documentaries, including The Fall of Constantinople, Napoleon's Hundred Days, Cortés and Montezuma, The Antiquities of Turkey, The Gates of Asia, Maximilian of Mexico, Toussaint l'Ouverture of Haiti, The Knights of Malta, Treasure Houses of Britain, and The Death of the Prince Imperial in the Zulu War.

Biography

Youth

Norwich was born John Julius Cooper on 15 September 1929 at the Alfred House Nursing Home on Portland Place in Marylebone, London. He was the son of the Conservative politician and diplomat Duff Cooper, later Viscount Norwich, and Lady Diana Manners, a celebrated beauty and society figure. He was given the name "Julius" in part because he was born by caesarean section. His mother's fame as an actress and beauty attracted a crowd outside the nursing home and hundreds of letters of congratulations. Through his father, he was descended from King William IV and his mistress Dorothea Jordan.

Cooper was educated at Egerton House School in Dorset Square, London, later becoming a boarder when the school was evacuated to Northamptonshire before the Second World War. Because his father, as Minister of Information, was high on the Nazi enemies list of British politicians, Cooper's parents feared for his safety in the event of a German invasion. In 1940, they decided to send him away after the US ambassador to Britain, Joseph P. Kennedy, offered to take him to the United States with other evacuee children on board the SS Washington. Cooper attended Upper Canada College in Toronto, Canada, and spent his holidays with the family of William S. Paley on Long Island, New York. In 1942, he returned to Britain, where he attended Eton College. After the war, he studied at the University of Strasbourg while his father was ambassador to France. Cooper completed his national service in the Royal Navy before taking a degree in French and Russian at New College, Oxford.

Career

After Oxford, Cooper joined the British Foreign Service. He served in Yugoslavia and Lebanon and as a member of the British delegation to the Disarmament Conference in Geneva. On his father's death in 1954, he inherited the title of Viscount Norwich, created for Duff Cooper in 1952. This gave him a right to sit in the House of Lords, which he lost with the House of Lords Act 1999.

In 1964, Norwich left the diplomatic service to become a writer. His books included histories of Sicily under the Normans (1967, 1970), Venice (1977, 1981), the Byzantine Empire (1988, 1992, 1995), the Mediterranean (2006), and the Papacy (2011), amongst others. He also served as editor of series such as Great Architecture of the World, The Italian World, The New Shell Guides to Great Britain, The Oxford Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Art, and the Duff Cooper Diaries.