聂斯特

聂斯特或涅斯托尔（乌克兰语：Нестор Літописець、1056年—1114年）是基辅罗斯的学者、年代记作者、基辅洞窟修道院的修士、波利安人。虽然有异论，但一般认为是东欧最古老的历史著作《往年纪事》（基辅年代记的部分）的作者。

1073年他作为辅祭在洞窟修道院修道。著作有《包里斯与格列伯传》、《狄欧多西传》等。后受正教会封为圣人（纪念日是11月9日、乌克兰语之日）。墓在基辅洞窟修道院。

Nestor the Chronicler (c. 1056 – c. 1114) was a monk of the Monastery of the Caves in Kiev and a prominent author in Kievan Rus'. He is firmly credited with writing two major hagiographies: the Life of the Venerable Theodosius of the Kiev Caves and the Account about the Life and Martyrdom of the Blessed Passion Bearers Boris and Gleb.

The Primary Chronicle (or Tale of Bygone Years) was traditionally attributed to Nestor, giving him the epithet "the Chronicler". However, most modern scholars doubt his authorship; as a result, some historians prefer to call him Nestor the Hagiographer.

Biography

According to the Kiev Caves Patericon, Nestor entered the Monastery of the Caves in Kiev as a novice around 1073, when he was 17 years old. He received monastic tonsure under Stephen, the successor to Theodosius of Kiev, and was later ordained a hierodeacon.

In 1091, Nestor and two other monks were commissioned to locate the relics of Theodosius, which they successfully uncovered.

Nestor died around 1114 and was buried in the Near Caves. He was later canonized as a saint by the Eastern Orthodox Church. The body of St. Nestor is among the relics preserved in the Kiev Pechersk Lavra. He is commemorated with other saints of the Kiev Caves Lavra on September 28 (Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of the Kiev Caves) and on the Second Sunday of Great Lent, and his feast day is celebrated on October 27.

Veneration

Nestor the Chronicler was canonized by including his name in the Synaxis of all Venerable Fathers of the Kiev Caves.

Feast day

27 October – main commemoration (with Nestor of Thessaloniki and Nestor of the Far Kiev Caves)

Fixed Feast Day (Synaxes)

25 May – Synaxis of Saints of Volhynia (Russian Orthodox Church Outside of Russia and Greek Orthodox Church)

15 July – Synaxis of All Saints of Kiev (Russian Orthodox Church - ROC)

28 September – Synaxis of the Venerable Fathers of the Kiev Near Caves

10 October – Synaxis of Saints of Volhynia (ROC)

27 October – Synaxis of All Saints of Kiev Theological Academy and Kiev Theological Seminary [Ukrainian Orthodox Church (Moscow Patriarchate)]

Moveable Feast Day (Synaxes)

Synaxis of all Venerable Fathers of the Kiev Caves – movable holiday on the 2nd Sunday of the Great Lent

Synaxis of the Saints of the Kievan Caves Monastery, venerated in the near caves of Venerable Anthony – movable holiday on the 1st Saturday after Leavetaking of the Elevation of the Cross (21 September)

Liturgical hymns

Liturgical hymns dedicated to Saint Nestor are preserved in the Eastern Orthodox tradition.

Troparion St. Nestor — Tone 4

Вели́ких князе́й ру́сских дея́ния/ и преподо́бных оте́ц Пече́рских жития́ и чудеса́ написа́вый,/ свое́ же, Богому́дре Не́сторе, мно́гих ти ра́ди доброде́телей и́мя/ напи́сано на Небеси́ стяжа́вый,// моли́ и нам написа́тися в Кни́ги Живо́тныя.

Velikikh knyazey russkikh deyaniya/ i prepodobnykh otets Pecherskikh zhitiya i chudesa napisavy,/ svoe zhe, Bogomudre Nestore, mnogikh ti radi dobrodeteley imya/ napisano na Nebesi styazhavy,// moli i nam napisatisya v Knigi Zhivotnyya.

Common Troparion St. Nestor — Tone 4

Времена́ и ле́та достопа́мятных дея́ний,/ по́двиги и труды́ Богоно́сных оте́ц,/ Не́сторе прему́дре, напису́я,/ любо́вию возгоре́лся еси́ после́довати стопа́м первонача́льных,/ с ни́миже не преста́й моли́тися Христу́ Бо́гу,// спасти́ся душа́м на́шим.

Vremena i leta dostopamyatnykh deyany,/ podvigi i trudy Bogonosnykh otets,/ Nestore premudre, napisuya,/ lyuboviyu vozgorelsya esi posledovati stopam pervonachalnykh,/ s nimizhe ne prestay molitisya Khristu Bogu,// spastisya dusham nashim.

Kontakion St. Nestor — Tone 2

Я́ко сый Богоно́снаго Феодо́сия учени́к/ и и́стинный жития́ того́ подража́тель,/ пе́рвый честны́х его́ моще́й самови́дец бы́ти сподо́бился еси́,/ я́же с про́чиими святоле́пно прене́с,/ насле́дил еси́ с те́миже Ца́рство Небе́сное,// е́же получи́ти и нам, чту́щим тя, Го́сподеви моли́ся.