奥拉西奥·基罗加

奥拉西奥·西尔韦斯特雷·基罗加·福特萨（西班牙语：Horacio Silvestre Quiroga Forteza，1878年12月31日—1937年2月19日），乌拉圭剧作家、诗人、短篇小说家。生于萨尔托，卒于阿根廷。基罗加的短篇小说以丛林为背景，用超自然和怪诞来反映人和动物为了生存的挣扎。他也擅长描写精神疾病和幻觉。

生平

奥拉西奥·基罗加生于乌拉圭萨尔托的一个中产家庭，其父母分别是普鲁登西奥·基罗加和帕斯托拉·福特萨。他的父亲普鲁登西奥·基罗加是阿根廷高地酋法昆多·基罗加的后裔，当时担任阿根廷驻乌拉圭萨尔托的副领事。基罗加出生三个月时，他父亲在摆弄猎枪时因走火身亡。

1912年到1915年间，基罗加已经是个熟练的棉花种植者了，他继续自己的探索。开始种橘子、挖煤，制造树脂。同时他也猎取和驯养野生动物。他的创作达到高峰期， Fray Mocho de Buenos Aires上发表了多篇以丛林为背景的小说，深受读者欢迎。在不断的争吵后，安娜·玛莉亚服下了氯化汞自杀。在经历了八天的痛苦之后，安娜·玛莉亚死于基罗加怀中，安娜的死亡让基罗加和他的两个孩子陷入绝望之中。

Horacio Silvestre Quiroga Forteza (31 December 1878 – 19 February 1937) was a Uruguayan playwright, poet, and short story writer. The jungle settings of his stories emphasized the conflict between humans and nature. His portrayals of mental illness and hallucinatory states were influenced by Edgar Allan Poe. In turn, Quiroga influenced Gabriel García Márquez and Julio Cortázar.

Biography

Youth

Horacio Quiroga was born in the city of Salto in 1878 as the sixth child and second son of Prudencio Quiroga and Pastora Forteza, a middle-class family. At the time of his birth, his father had been working for 18 years as head of the Argentine vice-consulate. Before Quiroga was two and a half months old, on 14 March 1879, his father accidentally fired a gun he was carrying in his hands and died as a result. Quiroga was baptized three months later in the parish church of his native town.

Development

Quiroga finished school in Montevideo, the capital of Uruguay. He studied at the National College and also attended the Polytechnic Institute of Montevideo for technical training. From a very young age, he showed great interest in a variety of subjects and activities including literature, chemistry, photography, mechanics, cycling and country life. Around this time he founded the Salto Cycling Club and achieved the remarkable feat of cycling from his home town to Paysandú, a distance of 120 kilometres (74½ miles)

It was also around this time that he worked in a machinery repair shop; under the influence of the owner's son he became interested in philosophy, describing himself as a "forthright and passionate foot soldier of materialism."

At the age of 22, Quiroga became interested in poetry, discovering the work of Leopoldo Lugones, with whom he would later become great friends, and of Edgar Allan Poe. This led him to dabble in various forms and styles of poetic expression himself: post-romanticism, symbolism and modernismo. He soon began to publish his poems in his home town. While studying and working, he collaborated with publications such as La Revista and La Reforma, improving his style and making a name for himself.

During the Carnival of 1898, the young poet met his first love, a girl named Mary Esther Jurkovski, who would inspire two of his most important works: Las sacrificadas (1920; The Slaughtered) and Una estación de amor (1912; A Season of Love). However, the young girl's Jewish parents disapproved of the relationship on the grounds that Quiroga was a Gentile, and the couple were forced to separate.

In his home town, he founded a magazine titled Revista de Salto (1899). In the same year, his stepfather committed suicide by shooting himself; Quiroga witnessed the death. With the money he received as inheritance he embarked on a four-month trip to Paris, which turned out to be a failure: he returned to Uruguay hungry and disheartened.