山姆·哈里斯

山姆·哈里斯（英语：Sam Harris；1967年4月9日—）是美国著名作家、哲学家、神经科学家，和无神论者/反神论者。与克里斯多福·希钧斯、道金斯、丹尼尔‧丹尼特并称新无神论四骑士。

主要作品

《道德风景：穿越幸福峰峦与苦难幽谷，用科学找寻人类幸福的线索》(2013) ISBN 978-986-213-425-2

Letter to a Christian Nation (2006). ISBN 0-307-26577-3

《信仰的终结：宗教、恐怖行动及理性的未来》(2015) ISBN 978-986-584-274-1

The End of Faith (2004). ISBN 0-393-03515-8

山姆·哈里斯、马吉德·那瓦兹《对话：伊斯兰与宽容的未来》(2016)

Islam and the Future of Tolerance (2015). ISBN 978-067-408-870-2

Samuel Benjamin Harris (born April 9, 1967) is an American neuroscientist, philosopher, author, and podcast host. His work includes a range of topics, including rationality, religion, ethics, free will, determinism, neuroscience, meditation, psychedelics, philosophy of mind, politics, terrorism, and artificial intelligence. Harris came to prominence for his criticism of religion, and he is known as one of the "Four Horsemen" of New Atheism, along with Richard Dawkins, Christopher Hitchens, and Daniel Dennett.

Harris's first book, The End of Faith (2004), won the PEN/Martha Albrand Award for First Nonfiction and remained on The New York Times Best Seller list for 33 weeks. He has since written six additional books: Letter to a Christian Nation (2006); The Moral Landscape: How Science Can Determine Human Values (2010); the essay Lying (2011); the short book Free Will (2012); Waking Up: A Guide to Spirituality Without Religion (2014); and (with British writer Maajid Nawaz) Islam and the Future of Tolerance: A Dialogue (2015). His work has been translated into over 20 languages.

Since September 2013, Harris has hosted the Making Sense podcast (originally titled Waking Up). He also launched a meditation app called Waking Up, promoting secular mindfulness practices. Harris has debated with many prominent figures on religion, including Reza Aslan, David Wolpe, Robert Wright, Rick Warren, William Lane Craig, Jordan Peterson and Deepak Chopra. Some critics have argued that Harris's writings and public statements on Islam are Islamophobic; Harris and his supporters reject that characterization, arguing instead that the label is sometimes used to silence criticism.

Early life and education

Samuel Benjamin Harris was born in Los Angeles, California, on April 9, 1967. He is the son of the late actor Berkeley Harris, who appeared mainly in Western films, and television writer and producer Susan Harris (née Spivak), who created Soap and The Golden Girls, among other series. His father, born in North Carolina, came from a Quaker background, and his mother is Jewish. He was raised by his mother following his parents' divorce when he was age two. Harris has stated that his upbringing was entirely secular and that his parents rarely discussed religion, though he also stated that he was not raised as an atheist.

While his original major was in English, Harris became interested in philosophical questions while at Stanford University after an experience with MDMA. The experience interested him in the idea he might be able to achieve spiritual insights without the use of drugs. Leaving Stanford in his second year, a quarter after his psychoactive experience, he visited India and Nepal, where he studied meditation with teachers of Buddhist and Hindu religions, including Dilgo Khyentse. For a few weeks in the early 1990s, he was a volunteer guard in the security detail of the Dalai Lama.

In 1997, after eleven years overseas, Harris returned to Stanford, completing a B.A. degree in philosophy in 2000. Harris began writing his first book, The End of Faith, immediately after the September 11 attacks. He received a Ph.D. in cognitive neuroscience in 2009 from the University of California, Los Angeles, using functional magnetic resonance imaging to conduct research into the neural basis of belief, disbelief, and uncertainty. His thesis was titled The Moral Landscape: How Science Could Determine Human Values. His advisor was Mark S. Cohen.