范·威克·布鲁克斯

Van Wyck Brooks (February 16, 1886 – May 2, 1963) was an American literary critic, biographer, and historian.

Biography

Brooks was born in Plainfield, New Jersey, in 1886 and graduated from Harvard University in 1908. As a student he published his first book, a collection of poetry called Verses by Two Undergraduates, co-written with his friend John Hall Wheelock.

Brooks's best-known work is a series of studies entitled Makers and Finders (five volumes, 1936–1952), which chronicled the development of American literature during the long 19th century. Brooks embroidered elaborate biographical detail into anecdotal prose. For The Flowering of New England, 1815–1865 (1936) he won the second National Book Award for Non-Fiction from the American Booksellers Association and the 1937 Pulitzer Prize for History. The book was also included in Life magazine's list of the 100 outstanding books of 1924–1944.

Brooks was a long-time resident of Bridgewater, Connecticut, which built a town library wing in his name. Although a decade-long fund-raising effort was abandoned in 1972, a hermit in Los Angeles, Charles E. Piggott, with no connection to Bridgewater surprised the town by leaving money for the library in his will. With $210,000 raised, the library addition went up in 1980.

Among his works, the book The Ordeal of Mark Twain (1920) analyzes the literary progression of Samuel L. Clemens and attributes shortcomings to Clemens's mother and wife. In 1925 he published a translation from French of the 1920 biography of Henry David Thoreau by Leon Bazalgette, entitled Henry Thoreau, Bachelor of Nature.

His influential 1918 essay "On Creating a Usable Past" argued that the United States lacked its own coherent cultural arts tradition. Historian Constance Rourke engaged his claim and set out to show a unique American tradition.

In 1944, Brooks was on the cover of Time Magazine.

He died in Bridgewater, Connecticut, from cancer on May 2, 1963.

Awards and honors

Brooks was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1939. In 1949, he was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences.

Places named after him

The Van Wyck Brooks Historic District, known for its old Victorian and Second French Empire style buildings in Plainfield, the town of his birth, is named after him.

Prizes

1937: Pulitzer Prize in history and National Book Award for 1936 nonfiction

1938: Goldmedaille des Limited Editions Club

1944: Carey Thomas Award for The World of Washington Irving

1946: Gold medal of National Institute of Arts and Letters (American Academy of Arts and Letters)

1953: Theodore Roosevelt Distinguished Service Medal

1954: Huntington Hartford Foundation Award

1957: Secondary Education Board Award for Helen Keller: Sketch for a Portrait

Honorary degrees

Doctor of Letters:

Boston University

Bowdoin College

Columbia University

Dartmouth College

Fairleigh Dickinson University

Harvard University

Northeastern Illinois University

Tufts University

Union College

University of Pennsylvania

Doctor of Humane Letters:

Northwestern University