克里斯·哈德菲尔德

克里斯·奥斯汀·哈德菲尔德（英语：Chris Hadfield，1959年8月29日—）是一位加拿大太空人，也是第一个执行太空漫步的加拿大人。他是工程师、加拿大皇家空军战斗机飞行员，并曾担任国际空间站指令长。

生平

克里斯·奥斯汀·哈德菲尔德在安大略省南部的一个农场成长，受到阿波罗11号登陆月球的影响。他在奥克维尔和米尔顿就读高中，并获得滑翔机飞行员执照，成为加拿大皇家空军军校学生。之后他加入了加拿大武装部队，并获得皇家军事学院工程学位。克里斯·奥斯汀·哈德菲尔德因参加美国海军和美国空军的交流计划，获得田纳西州太空研究院航空系统硕士学位。

1992年，他进入加拿大太空局。他在1995年11月第一次搭乘太空船。他曾造访俄罗斯和平号太空站。2001年4月，他再次升空，并造访国际太空站（ISS）。2012年12月，他第三次升空，搭乘联盟号太空船TMA-07M。

其他

本人曾亲自在国际太空站中自弹自唱大卫·鲍伊的名曲《太空怪谈》并且将影片放上YouTube而引起轰动，并成为首支在外太空中拍摄的音乐MV。

Chris Austin Hadfield (born August 29, 1959) is a retired Royal Canadian Air Force colonel, test pilot, and CSA astronaut. As the first Canadian to perform extravehicular activity in outer space, he has flown two Space Shuttle missions and also served as commander of the International Space Station (ISS). Prior to his career as an astronaut, he served in the Canadian Armed Forces for 25 years as an Air Command fighter pilot.

Hadfield has cited part of his career inspiration to have come to him as a child, when he watched the first crewed Moon landing by American spaceflight Apollo 11 on television. He attended high school in Oakville and Milton in southern Ontario, and earned his glider pilot licence as a member of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets. After enlisting in the Canadian Armed Forces, he earned an engineering degree at the Royal Military College in Kingston, Ontario. Hadfield learned to fly various types of aircraft in the military and eventually became a test pilot, flying several experimental planes. As part of an exchange program with the United States Navy and United States Air Force, he obtained a master's degree in aviation systems at the University of Tennessee Space Institute.

In 1992, Hadfield was accepted into the Canadian astronaut program by the Canadian Space Agency. He first flew in space in November 1995 as a mission specialist aboard STS-74, visiting the Russian space station Mir. He flew again in April 2001 on STS-100, when he visited the ISS and walked in space to help install Canadarm2. In December 2012, he flew for a third time aboard Soyuz TMA-07M to join Expedition 34 on the ISS. When Expedition 34 ended in March 2013, Hadfield became the commander of the ISS as part of Expedition 35, responsible for a crew of five astronauts and helping to run dozens of scientific experiments dealing with the impact of low gravity on human biology. During this mission, he chronicled life onboard the space station by taking pictures of Earth and posting them on various social media platforms. He was a guest on television news and talk shows and gained popularity by playing the ISS's guitar in space. Hadfield returned to Earth in May 2013, when the mission ended. He announced his retirement shortly after returning, capping a 35-year-long career as a military pilot and astronaut. He has five published books including his autobiography, the NYT-bestseller An Astronaut's Guide to Life on Earth.

Early life and education

Chris Austin Hadfield was born on August 29, 1959, in Sarnia, Ontario, to Eleanor and Roger Hadfield, who lived in Milton, Ontario. He was raised on a corn farm in Southern Ontario. He was a member of a Wolf Cub Pack that met at the Milton Fairgrounds. He became interested in flying at a young age and in being an astronaut at age nine, when he saw the Apollo 11 Moon landing on television.

Hadfield attended White Oaks Secondary School in Oakville, Ontario, until his senior year and then graduated as an Ontario Scholar from Milton District High School in 1977. As a member of the Royal Canadian Air Cadets, he earned a glider pilot scholarship at age 15 and a powered pilot scholarship at age 16. After graduating from high school in 1978, he joined the Canadian Armed Forces and spent two years at Royal Roads Military College followed by two years at the Royal Military College of Canada, where he received a B.Eng. degree (with honours) in mechanical engineering in 1982. He also conducted his post-graduate research at the University of Waterloo in 1982.