伯蒂尔·希勒

Bertil Hille

生卒: 1940 –
国籍: 美国
外文名: Bertil Hille

生平与创作

伯蒂尔·希勒（英语：Bertil Hille，1940年10月10日—），出生于康涅狄格州纽黑文，美国生物学家、华盛顿大学教授。

经历

他是埃纳尔·希勒的儿子。1962年在耶鲁大学获动物学学士学位。1967年，他在纽约市洛克菲勒大学毕业获生命科学博士博士学位。后来在英国剑桥大学做博士后研究。希勒1968年成为西雅图华盛顿大学生理学和生物物理学助理教授，并在1974年成为正教授。

学术研究

希勒对离子通道做了基础性探索，用青蛙的轴突做了大量实验。在20世纪60年代初，希勒假设离子通道的存在，并认为它们能在一定的条件下打开，然后再次关闭。他还探讨了相应的离子大小的离子通道大小之间的关联性。在20世纪70年代，他用局部麻醉剂对离子通道的作用进行了研究。他的作品也是理解为什么药物可以触发或治疗心脏节律紊乱的根本。

奖项和荣誉

1996年获霍维茨奖、1998年入选美国国家科学院、1999年获拉斯克基础医学研究奖、2001年获盖尔德纳国际奖。

以上文字摘自维基百科「伯蒂尔·希勒」（去掉了参考文献等尾部小节），按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用，作者为维基百科的各位编者。

中文维基百科的条目比较短，下面附上英文维基百科的内容（英文原文）：

Bertil Hille (born October 10, 1940) is an Emeritus Professor, and the Wayne E. Crill Endowed Professor in the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Washington. He is known for his research on cell signalling by ion channels. His book Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes has been the standard work on the subject, appearing in multiple editions since its first publication in 1984.

Biography

Early life and education

Hille was born in New Haven, Connecticut. His father is Carl Einar Hille, a Yale math professor and a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. He attended the Foote School and Westminster School (Connecticut).

Hille received his B.S. summa cum laude in Zoology from Yale University (1962) and his Ph.D. in Life Sciences from The Rockefeller University (1967). During his PhD, Hille started his long-term collaboration with Clay Armstrong, who he shared many awards with several decades later. After completing his Ph.D, Hille did postdoc research with Sir Alan L. Hodgkin (1963 Nobel laureate for the basis of nerve action potentials) and Richard Keynes at the University of Cambridge, England.

Career

In 1968 Hille joined the Department of Physiology and Biophysics at the University of Washington's School of Medicine. In 2005, he was named the Wayne E. Crill Endowed Professor. On July 1, 2021, he became a professor emeritus.

Personal life

Bertil Hille is married to Merrill Burr Hille, Professor Emerita of Biology at the University of Washington, and has two sons.

Scientific contributions

Bertil Hille pioneered the concept of ion channels as membrane proteins forming gated aqueous pores (with Clay Armstrong). He showed that Na+ and K+ channels of axons could be distinguished by drugs such as tetrodotoxin and tetraethylammonium ion, and that their ionic selectivity can be understood by limiting pore size, the selectivity filter, and by movements of ions through a series of saturable sites. He showed that local anesthetics enter Na+ channels in a state-dependent manner.

In 1984, Hille started a new direction of studying the modulation of ion channels by G protein–coupled receptors. He distinguished two new signaling pathways for excitable cells. A fast, pertussis toxin-sensitive pathway turned on inward rectifier K+ channels and turned off Ca2+ channels by G protein Gβγ subunits. A slow, pertussis toxin-insensitive pathway turned off some K+ and Ca2+ channels by depleting the plasma membrane phosphoinositides, phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2). New tools and findings from the Hille lab, together with the initial finding (1996) from Donald W. Hilgemann's lab at UT southwestern, demonstrated that PIP2 is an essential cofactor for many ion channels and transporters. The low-abundance signaling lipid PIP2 indeed plays a significant role in regulating neuronal and cardiac excitability. Hille has developed a detailed model of the PIP2 loss mechanism and its effects on the muscarinic inhibition of M-channels.

Hille has published more than 200 papers and book chapters. He is the author of multiple editions of Ion Channels of Excitable Membranes, described as an essential introduction not just for beginners but for readers throughout the areas of biochemistry and biophysics. Hille's book is considered to mark a turning point in the field, defining the modern era of ion channel studies.

The book is known for its clarity of language, its ability to communicate to both the beginner and the specialist, its attention to research history, and the breadth and depth of its scientific coverage.