巴托洛梅·德拉斯·卡萨斯

巴托洛梅·德拉斯卡萨斯（西班牙语：Bartolomé de las Casas，1484年11月11日—1566年7月18日），生于西维尔，1566年卒于马德里，16世纪西班牙多明我会教士。曾致力保护西班牙帝国治下的南北美洲印第安人，对虐害他们的西班牙殖民者竭力控诉。在目睹了印第安人所遭受的苦难之后，他放弃了自己的土地、释放了自己的奴隶，变成了一名教父，用毕生的精力与暴力殖民作斗争。 他的著作《西印度毁灭述略》，就是揭示西班牙殖民者种种暴行的重要文献。他站出来反对残忍的西班牙王室，使他获得了“印第安人守护者”的称号，五十年专注为原住民谋求平等待遇。他应该被称为世界上第一个普遍人权的实践者。

Bartolomé de las Casas, OP (US: lahss KAH-səss; Spanish pronunciation: [baɾtoloˈme ðe las ˈkasas]); 11 November 1484 – 18 July 1566) was a Spanish lawyer, clergyman, writer, and activist best known for his work as a historian and social reformer. He arrived in Hispaniola as a layman, then became a Dominican friar. He was appointed as the first resident Bishop of Chiapas, and the first officially appointed "Protector of the Indians". His extensive writings, the most famous being A Short Account of the Destruction of the Indies and Historia de Las Indias, chronicle the first decades of colonization of the Caribbean islands. He described and railed against the atrocities committed by the conquistadores against the Indigenous peoples.

Arriving as one of the first Spanish settlers in the Americas, Las Casas initially participated in the colonial economy built on forced Indigenous labor, but eventually felt compelled to oppose the abuses committed by European colonists against the Indigenous population. In 1515 he gave up his Indigenous Caribbean laborers and encomienda. He then advocated, before Charles V, on behalf of rights for the Natives. In his early writings, he advocated the use of African slaves to replace Indigenous labor. He did so without knowing that the Portuguese were carrying out "brutal and unjust wars in the name of spreading the faith". Later in life, he retracted this position, as he regarded both forms of slavery as equally wrong.

In 1522, Las Casas tried to launch a new kind of peaceful colonialism on the coast of Venezuela, but this venture failed. He then entered the Dominican Order and became a friar, leaving public life for a decade. He traveled to Central America, acting as a missionary among the Maya of Guatemala and participating in debates among colonial churchmen about how best to bring the Natives to the Christian faith.

Travelling back to Spain to recruit more missionaries, he continued lobbying for the abolition of the encomienda, gaining an important victory by the passage of the New Laws in 1542. He was appointed Bishop of Chiapas, but served only for a short time before he was forced to return to Spain because of resistance to the New Laws by the encomenderos, and conflicts with Spanish settlers because of his pro-Indian policies and activist religious stance. He served in the Spanish court for the remainder of his life; there he held great influence over Indies-related issues. In 1550, he participated in the Valladolid debate, in which Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda argued that the Indians were less than human, and required Spanish masters to become civilized. Las Casas maintained that they were fully human, and that forcefully subjugating them was unjustifiable.

Las Casas spent 50 years of his life actively fighting slavery and the colonial abuse of Indigenous peoples, especially by trying to convince the Spanish court to adopt a more humane policy of colonization. Although he did not completely succeed in changing Spanish views on colonization, his efforts did result in improvement of the legal status of the Natives, and in an increased colonial focus on the ethics of colonialism.

Following his death in 1566, Las Casas was widely venerated as a holy figure, resulting in the opening of his cause for beatification in the Catholic Church.