奥迪·墨菲

奥迪·里昂·墨菲（英语：Audie Leon Murphy；1924年6月20日—1971年5月28日），有译名称之为“墨菲无敌”，生于美国德克萨斯州亨特县，曾加入美国陆军。在二战欧洲战场中的战功，让他获得荣誉勋章。在退役后，他成为电影演员，共演出过44部电影。1971年5月28日乘坐飞机出行时不幸坠毁逝世。

生平

奥迪·墨菲出生在一个佃农家庭中。其父亲离开他们家庭，而母亲在他青少年的时候过世。在小学五年级时，奥迪·墨菲就退学，去捡棉花以及其他农田中的零工赚钱，也用猎枪打猎，来养活他的家人。他姐姐帮他制造假的出生证明，让他能够符合军队的最低入伍标准，让他顺利从军。

在被美国海军及海军陆战队拒绝之后，奥迪·墨菲加入美国陆军。1944年，在受训结束之后，奥迪·墨菲随部队前往欧洲战场，参与意大利战役中的西西里岛战役，随后参加鹅卵石行动进攻安济奥。

在1944年8月15日开始的龙骑兵行动中，在蒙特利马尔，奥迪·墨菲取得他在二次大战中的第一个功绩。10月，他率领同袍，成功突袭一座采石场。

Audie Leon Murphy (June 20, 1925 – May 28, 1971) was an American soldier, actor, and songwriter. He was widely celebrated as the most decorated American combat soldier of World War II, and has been described as the most highly decorated enlisted soldier in U.S. history. He received every military combat award for valor available from the United States Army, as well as French and Belgian awards for heroism. Murphy received the Medal of Honor for valor that he demonstrated at age 19 for single-handedly holding off a company of German soldiers for an hour at the Colmar Pocket in France in January 1945, before leading a successful counterattack while wounded.

Murphy was born into a large family of sharecroppers in Hunt County, Texas. His father abandoned the family and his mother died when Murphy was a teenager. Murphy left school in fifth grade to pick cotton and find other work to help support his family; his skill with a hunting rifle helped feed his family. After the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, Murphy's older sister helped him to falsify documentation about his birthdate to meet the minimum age for enlisting in the military. Turned down initially for being underweight by the Army, Navy, and the Marine Corps, he eventually was able to enlist in the Army. He first saw action in the 1943 Allied invasion of Sicily; then in 1944 he participated in the Battle of Anzio, the liberation of Rome, and the invasion of southern France. Murphy fought at Montélimar and led his men on a successful assault at L'Omet quarry near Cleurie in northeastern France in October. Despite suffering from multiple illnesses and wounds throughout his service, Murphy became one of the most praised and decorated soldiers of World War II. He is credited with killing 241 enemy soldiers.

After the war, Murphy embarked on an acting career. He played himself in the 1955 autobiographical film To Hell and Back, based on his 1949 memoirs of the same name, but most of his roles were in Westerns. He made guest appearances on celebrity television shows and starred in the series Whispering Smith. Murphy was a fairly accomplished songwriter. He bred quarter horses, and became a regular participant in horse racing.

Because Murphy had what would today be described as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), then known as "battle fatigue", he slept with a loaded handgun under his pillow. He looked for solace in addictive sleeping pills. In his last few years, he was plagued by money problems but refused offers to appear in alcohol and cigarette commercials because he did not want to set a bad example. Murphy died in a plane crash in Virginia in 1971, shortly before his 46th birthday. He was interred with military honors at Arlington National Cemetery.

Early life

Murphy was born in Kingston, a small rural community in Hunt County in northeastern Texas. He was the seventh of twelve children born to Emmett Berry Murphy and his wife Josie Bell Murphy (née Killian). The Murphys were sharecroppers, of English, Irish, Scots-Irish, Scottish, and German descent. Although Murphy's birth date is listed as 1924 in his enlistment papers, his biographer David A. Smith concluded that he was born in 1925, based on statements made by his To Hell and Back co-author David McClure, his California driver's license, and by Murphy himself.