诺绰里斯·玛吉德

努尔霍利斯·马吉德（印尼语：Nurcholish Madjid），在印度尼西亚被亲切地称为“查努”（Cak Nur），是一位著名的印度尼西亚穆斯林知识分子。在他的学术生涯早期，努尔霍利斯·马吉德是多个学生组织的领导者。他很快就作为伊斯兰教现代化的支持者而闻名。在他的整个职业生涯中，他一直认为，伊斯兰教要想在全球思想斗争中取得胜利，就需要拥抱宽容、民主和多元的概念。

生平

马吉德出生于东爪哇的绒网，在印度尼西亚的伊斯兰宗教学院中接受了早期教育。后来，他在美国芝加哥大学获得伊斯兰教研究哲学博士学位，师从著名的巴基斯坦裔美国学者法兹鲁尔·拉赫曼·马利克。2003年，他作为总统候选人参加印度尼西亚全国选举。他从1998年起担任雅加达的帕拉马迪纳大学校长直至去世。马吉德已婚并育有两个孩子。

20世纪70年代，马吉德打出了“要回教，不要回教党”的口号，广为流行。这个口号有助于驳斥穆斯林投票反对伊斯兰政党是有罪的观点。

Nurcholish Madjid (March 17, 1939 – August 29, 2005), in Indonesia affectionately known as Cak Nur, was a prominent Indonesian Muslim intellectual. Early in his academic career, Nurcholish was a leader in various student organizations. He soon became well known as a proponent for modernization within Islam. Throughout his career he continued to argue that for Islam to be victorious in the global struggle of ideas, it needs to embrace the concepts of tolerance, democracy and pluralism.

Biography

Born in Jombang, East Java, Madjid received his early education in religious institutions in Indonesia, so called pesantren. He later received his doctorate in Islamic Studies from the University of Chicago in the United States where he studied under the noted Pakistani-American scholar, Fazlur Rahman. In 2003 he participated in Indonesia's national elections as a candidate for the presidency. He served as Rector of Paramadina University in Jakarta from 1998 up until his death. Madjid was married and had two children.

In the 1970s, Cak Nur coined the slogan: 'Islam Yes, Islamic Party No', which became very popular. The slogan helped combat the view that it was sinful for Muslims to vote against Islamic parties. The two most successful Muslim parties in Indonesia's 2004 general elections, the moderate National Awakening and United Development Parties, received 10.6% and 8.1% of the vote, respectively.

Publications

“The Issue of Modernization among Muslims in Indonesia: A Participant’s Point of View”, in: Gloria Davies, ed. What is Modern in Indonesian Culture, Athens, Ohio, Ohio University, 1978

Islam in Indonesia: Challenges and Opportunities, in: Cyriac K. Pullapilly, ed., Islam in the Modern World, Bloomington, Indiana: Crossroads, 1982

“The Necessity of Renewing Islamic Thought and Reinvigorating Religious Understanding”, in: Charles Kurzman, ed. Liberal Islam: A Sourcebook, New York: Oxford University Press, 1988

“In Search of Islamic Roots for Modern Pluralism: The Indonesian Experiences” in: Mark Woodward ed, Towards a New Paradigm, Recent Developments in Indonesian Islamic Thought, Tempe, Arizona, Arizona State University, 1996