杨衒之

杨衒之（？—？），又作羊衒之、阳衒之，北平（今河北省满城）人，北朝散文家，是《洛阳伽蓝记》的主要编撰者。阳休之之弟。

生平

杨衒之生于北平，北魏孝庄帝永安年间（528年—530年）为奉朝请。历期城太守、抚军府司马。东魏孝静帝武定五年（547年）杨衒之经过洛阳，感于多年战乱之后洛阳之残破，撰《洛阳伽蓝记》五卷，历叙佛寺兴废，寄托亡国悲慨；语言洁净明快，描写生动精致，“其文裱丽秀逸，烦而不厌，可与郦道元《水经注》肩随”，亦列于“北朝三大散文”杰作。魏末为秘书监，曾上书孝静帝。然正史所载甚少。

Yang Xuanzhi (fl. 6th century AD) was a Chinese official and translator of Mahayana Buddhist texts into the Chinese language during the Tuoba Northern Wei Dynasty in China's Northern and Southern dynastic period. He is primarily remembered as the author of a history of the Buddhist temples and monasteries of Luoyang in Henan Province, at the time the capital of the Wei Empire.

Works

Yang wrote The History of the Temples of Luoyang or Record of the Monasteries of Luoyang (t 《洛陽伽藍記》, s 《洛阳伽蓝记》, Luòyáng Qiélánjì or Qiélán Jì) in 547. This text relates the introduction of Buddhism to China around the year 70:

The establishment of the Baima Temple (Temple of the White Horse) by Emperor Ming (AD 58–75) of the Han marked the introduction of Buddhism into China. The temple was located on the south side of the Imperial Drive, three leagues (li) outside the Xiyang Gate. The Emperor dreamt of the golden man sixteen Chinese feet tall, with the aureole of sun and moon radiating from his head and his neck. A "golden god", he was known as Buddha. The emperor dispatched envoys to the Western Regions in search of the god, and, as a result, acquired Buddhist scriptures and images. At the time, because the scriptures were carried into China on the backs of white horses, White Horse was adopted as the name of the temple.

Yang's book also contains the first known account of the Buddhist monk Bodhidharma, founder of Zen, whom he met in Luoyang around 520. He describes him as a man of Central Asian origin, who claims to be 150 years old and to have traveled extensively throughout Buddhist lands. He also wrote that Bodhidharma expressed praise for the beauty of the Buddhist temples in Luoyang, and that he chanted the name of the Buddha frequently:

Seeing the golden disks at the top of the monastery's stupa reflecting in the sun, the rays of light illuminating the surface of the clouds, the jewel-bells on the stupa blowing in the wind, the echoes reverberating beyond the heavens, Bodhidharma sang its praises. He exclaimed: "Truly this is the work of spirits." He said: "I am 150 years old, and I have passed through numerous countries. There is virtually no country I have not visited. But even in India there is nothing comparable to the pure beauty of this monastery. Even the distant Buddha realms lack this." He chanted homage and placed his palms together in salutation for days on end....Hsiu-Fan Monastery had a statue of a fierce thunderbolt bearer guarding the gate. Pigeons and doves would neither fly through the gate nor roost upon it. Bodhidharma said: "That catches its true character!"

The Record of the Monasteries of Luoyang also preserves an account of the travels of the Buddhist pilgrims Songyun and Huisheng to India and back, whose own works are now lost.