计成

计成（1582年—1642年），字无否，号否道人，苏州吴江同里人，明代造园家。生于明万历十年，卒于明崇祯十五年。著有《园冶》三卷，是目前所知世界上最早的造园专书。史载计成所造园林，包括吴玄的“五亩园”、汪士衡的“寤园”以及郑元勋的“影园”。

生平

计成在少年时以绘画闻名，阮大铖说计成为人最质扑耿直，所作诗画恰如其人。计成最推崇的画家是五代的荆浩、关仝，最爱他们山水画的意境。计成喜欢游历，曾游河北，湖北、湖南等地，搜罗奇山异水。

计成在中年时返回南直隶，定居在山水秀丽的镇江。这时期计成开始涉足造园，不久已闻名遐迩。

计成所造最早的园林园林，是在常州为湖广布政使吴玄（又予）所建的“五亩园”（东第园），他拥有元代温国罕达的故园，占地十五亩，拨出五亩邀请计成设计建造。

其后不久，计成又为徽州休宁上水南籍盐商汪士衡在扬州府仪真县建造寤园。

崇祯四年（1631年）计成着手著《园牧》。

崇祯七年（1634年），计成为徽州歙县盐商家族出身的进士郑元勋在扬州南门护城河畔建造影园。

崇祯八年（1635年）计成完成《园牧》三卷，后采纳友人建议改书名为《园冶》表示创造之意；郑元勋为此书作《题词》。

崇祯九年(1636年），计成为阮大铖在南京城南门西库司坊（今饮马巷一带）设计、督建了石巢园，“治亭台园圃，蓄声仗以自娱”，“春深草树展清荫，城曲居然轶远岭”、“吾庐无长物，饮啄向松风”。

纪念

计成故居位于同里会川桥。

明成楼为同济大学建筑与城市规划学院教学楼之一。明成楼的“成”，即取自计成，以铭记其对中国园林文献的开创性贡献。

计成纪念馆在吴江市垂虹公园内，附近有垂虹桥遗址和华严塔。

Ji Cheng (simplified Chinese: 计成; traditional Chinese: 計成; 1582 – c. 1642) was a Ming dynasty garden designer.

Ji Cheng was born in the 10th year of the reign of the Wanli Emperor (1582) in Tongli, Wujiang County, Jiangsu province.

As a youth, Ji Cheng made a name for himself as a landscape painter and private garden designer, he admired two Northern Song painters: Guan Tong (关仝) and Jing Hao (荆浩).

During his lifetime, he designed numerous private gardens in Southern China. In his late years, he summarized his lifetime experience into a monograph on landscape design: (园冶), Yuanye: The Craft of Gardens, 1631.

Ji Cheng's Yuanye (园冶), is the first monograph dedicated to garden architecture in the world. His work has been translated into many languages.

Ji Cheng's thirty-five room former residence at Hueichuan Bridge, Tongli, is now a tourist attraction.

"The garden is created by the human hand, but should appear as if created by heaven."