鲁斯蒂谦

Rustichello da Pisa
生卒
13 世纪 – 1322
国籍
威尼斯共和国
外文名
Rustichello da Pisa

生平与创作

比萨的鲁斯蒂谦(意大利语:Rustichello da Pisa,或译作鲁斯蒂凯洛·达皮萨),又名鲁斯蒂谦(意大利语:Rusticiano,另译鲁斯蒂恰诺,其活跃于13世纪后期),是一名意大利浪漫主义作家。他最著名的作品是与马可·波罗合写其自传《马可波罗游记》,当时他们一起被关在热那亚的监狱里。此前,他还写过《亚瑟王罗曼史》(Roman de Roi Artus),又名《汇编》(Compilation),这是意大利作家创作的已知最早的亚瑟王作品。

生平

鲁斯蒂谦是比萨人。他的第一部作品是法语版的《亚瑟王罗曼史》,简称《汇编》,似乎源自于1270年至1274年英国的爱德华一世在第八次十字军东征途中经过意大利时所持有的一本书。这本书虽然是用法语写成,但却是已知的第一部由意大利作家创作的关于亚瑟王传说的浪漫主义作品。《汇编》中包含《帕拉米迪斯》的插文、关于亚瑟的撒拉森骑士帕拉米迪斯的散文描述以及圆桌史。这部作品后来被分为两部,分别以主角梅里奥达斯(崔斯坦的父亲)和吉隆·勒·库尔图瓦的名字命名。这两部作品流行了数百年,影响后来许多法语、西班牙语、意大利语甚至希腊语的作品。

鲁斯蒂谦可能是在1284年的梅洛里亚海战中被热那亚人俘虏的,当时热那亚共和国和比萨共和国正在发生冲突。1298年左右,马可·波罗可能是在热那亚和威尼斯之间的冲突(传统说法是科尔丘拉战役)之后被囚禁,他将自己的旅行故事告诉鲁斯蒂谦,之后两人共同创作《马可波罗游记》一书。

以上文字摘自维基百科「鲁斯蒂谦」(去掉了参考文献等尾部小节),按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用,作者为维基百科的各位编者。

中文维基百科的条目比较短,下面附上英文维基百科的内容(英文原文):

Rustichello da Pisa, also known as Rusticiano (fl. late 13th century), was an Italian romance writer in the Franco-Italian language. He is best known for co-writing Marco Polo's autobiography, The Travels of Marco Polo, while they were in prison together in Genoa. Earlier, he wrote the Roman de Roi Artus (Romance of King Arthur), also known as the Compilation, the earliest known Arthurian romance by an Italian author.

Life and work

Rustichello appears to have been a native of Pisa. His first known work, the French text known as the Roman de Roi Artus or, simply, the Compilation, appears to derive from books in the possession of Edward I of England when he passed through Italy on his way to fighting in the Eighth Crusade in 1270 to 1274. While written in French, it is the first known romance by an Italian author to address the Arthurian legend. The Compilation contains an interpolation of the Palamedes, a now-fragmentary prose account of Arthur's Saracen knight Palamedes, and a history of the Round Table. It was later divided into two sections, named after their principal protagonists, Meliadus (Tristan's father) and Guiron le Courtois. Both remained popular for hundreds of years, and influenced many later works written in French as well as in Spanish, Italian, and even Greek.

Rustichello may have been captured by the Genoese at the Battle of Meloria in 1284, amid a conflict between the Republic of Genoa and the Republic of Pisa. When Polo was imprisoned around 1298, possibly after a clash between Genoa and Venice (according to tradition the Battle of Curzola), he told his tales of travel to Rustichello. Together they created the book known as The Travels of Marco Polo.

以上文字摘自英文维基百科「Rustichello da Pisa」(去掉了参考文献等尾部小节),按 CC BY-SA 4.0 使用,作者为维基百科的各位编者。

资料卡

母语名
Rustichello da Pisa
笔名
Rusticiano
出生
13 世纪
出生地
比萨
逝世
1322 年 1 月 8 日
职业
作家
使用语言
意大利语、古法语
写作语言
法语
代表作
马可·波罗游记

资料卡来自 Wikidata Q366741(CC0),众包数据,个别字段可能不全。

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