应劭

应劭（？—207），字仲瑗，东汉汝南南顿（今河南项城）人。司隶校尉应奉之子，司空掾应珣之兄。应玚、应璩之伯父。

卒年不详，仅知曹操207年据有河北时已经过世。

生平

应劭年少笃学，博览多闻，汉灵帝时举孝廉，熹平二年为郎官，六年为汝南主簿。后辟车骑将军何苗掾，任萧县县令、营陵令、中平六年（189年）出任泰山太守。

185年，朝廷派遣车骑将军皇甫嵩镇压韩遂、边章之乱，本来皇甫嵩想招乌桓兵作战，此时北军中候邹靖上言：“乌桓众弱，宜开募鲜卑。”大将军掾韩卓表示赞同，并称赞邹靖：“靖居近边塞，究其态诈。靖募鲜卑轻骑五千，必有破敌之效。”但是应劭认为鲜卑族贪婪不守信义，坚持启用乌桓兵。最后两人爆发了口角，诏百官大会朝堂，最后应劭的意见被众人采纳。

献帝初平二年（191年）大破黄巾贼卅万众。

权臣董卓伏诛后，余党李傕、郭汜继续把持朝政，徐州刺史陶谦率前扬州刺史周干、琅邪相阴德、东海相刘馗、彭城相汲廉、北海相孔融、沛相袁忠、应劭、汝南太守徐璆、前九江太守服虔、博士郑玄等共推行车骑将军朱俊为太师，发檄文号召地方讨伐李傕，尊奉献帝。但朱俊应李傕征召入朝，陶谦等只能作罢。

后奉曹操命令送曹父曹嵩返乡，应劭未至、陶谦先到，劫杀了曹嵩，应劭畏惧曹操怪罪，而投奔袁绍，为袁绍军谋校尉。后曹操迎奉献帝，应劭入朝制定典章。后卒于邺县。

著作

著有《汉官仪》十卷、《风俗通义》卅卷、《汉书集解音义》二十四卷。另撰有《春秋断狱》。今仅存《风俗通》十卷，又严可均辑佚数句。

Ying Shao (c.144–204), courtesy name Zhongyuan, was a Chinese politician, writer and historian who lived during the Eastern Han dynasty. He was an author of the Fengsu Tongyi, an encyclopedic work about the folk customs and legends that existed in the Eastern Han dynasty. Ying Shao occupied official posts in the Han government, and in his official position he was an active participant in imperial politics. He was a long-time close associate of Cao Cao; he was extensively covered in the historical text Book of the Later Han.

Life

Ying Shao was from Nandun County (南頓縣), Runan Commandery (汝南郡), which is located west of present-day Xiangcheng, Henan. He was nominated as a xiaolian during the reign of Emperor Ling of Han, and later served as a minor official under He Miao, Empress He's half-brother From 189 to 194, Ying Shao served as the Administrator of Taishan Commandery in Xu Province. Around December 191, he repelled an attack on his commandery by the remnants of the Yellow Turban rebels, recorded in the Book of the Later Han. In 193 and 194, the warlord Cao Cao attacked Xu Province to seek vengeance for the murder of his father Cao Song. Thus, Ying Shao fled from Taishan Commandery and took refuge under Cao Cao's rival Yuan Shao. By the time Cao Cao defeated the Yuan family and conquered the Hebei region, Ying Shao was already dead. The interim events are given in two versions in Pei Songzhi's annotations to the Records of the Three Kingdoms, the Wei Jin Shiyu (魏晉世語) by Guo Song (郭頒), and Wei Zhao's Book of Wu (吳書). Ying Shao eventually died in Ye city.