资本与意识形态 (2019)

《资本与意识形态》（法语：Capital et Idéologie）是法国经济学家托马斯·皮凯蒂在2019年出版的一本书，2013年皮凯蒂出版的《二十一世纪资本论》一书的续篇，该书的重点是欧洲和美国的财富和收入不平等。而《资本与意识形态》涉及范围更广。皮凯蒂在书中讲述了重新分配财富的可能手段，并探讨了历史上和当代不平等产生的理由。保罗·克鲁格曼评价道：“在马克思主义的教条中，社会的阶级结构是由下层非个人力量、技术和技术所决定的生产方式决定的。但是，皮凯蒂将不平等视为由人类制度导致的一种社会现象。而制度变迁反映了主导社会的意识形态：“不平等既不是由经济也不是由技术所导致；不平等的产生由意识形态和政治所决定。” 书中提出的重新分配财富的方法包括“所有人的继承权”，即在公民25岁时由国家为其提供一定的经济补贴。

该书得到了经济学家、学者和专家的总体好评。由于皮凯蒂拒绝中华人民共和国政府审查其中的部分内容，该书未能在中国大陆出版，从而使该书引起了人们的关注。

Capital and Ideology (French: Capital et Idéologie) is a 2019 book by French economist Thomas Piketty. Capital and Ideology follows Piketty's 2013 book Capital in the Twenty-First Century, which focused on wealth and income inequality in Europe and the United States.

Described by Piketty as "in large part a sequel" to its predecessor, Capital and Ideology has a wider scope, and Piketty has expressed his preference for the 2019 book. In the book, Piketty outlines potential means of redistributing wealth, and explores historical and contemporary justifications for inequality. Paul Krugman wrote of the book, "In Marxian dogma, a society's class structure is determined by underlying, impersonal forces, technology and the modes of production that technology dictates. Piketty, however, sees inequality as a social phenomenon, driven by human institutions. Institutional change, in turn, reflects the ideology that dominates society: 'Inequality is neither economic nor technological; it is ideological and political.'" Methods for redistributing wealth proposed in the book include the "inheritance for all", a payment distributed to citizens by their country at the age of 25. The book is censored in the People's Republic of China.

Reviews

The book has received mixed reviews from economists, scholars and pundits. The book also generated attention because Piketty refused to censor parts of it, which led to it not being published in mainland China.

Robert Shortt of RTÉ.ie rated the book four stars out of five. He wrote, "Some of his conclusions [...] can at times sound simplistic, even glib", referring to Piketty's proposal that pooling sovereign debt in the Eurozone would reduce member states' debt interest payments and his criticism of the much greater spending on interest payments than on a program like Erasmus+. Shortt also said that the history "sometimes takes away from the very real and pertinent questions Piketty raises" about modern politics. However, Shortt said that Capital and Ideology still "goes a long way towards framing what is happening both here and abroad in a broad historical and political context."

In Kirkus Reviews, the book was billed as a "deftly argued case for a new kind of socialism that, while sure to inspire controversy, bears widespread discussion." William Davies of The Guardian wrote that the book "is occasionally naive (it will bug the hell out of historians and anthropologists) but in a provocative fashion, as if to say: if inequality isn't justified, why not change it?" and that Piketty's policy recommendations "are not the most arresting features of the book." However, Davies also wrote, "Amid the distraction and perpetual outrage of our dysfunctional public sphere, this enlightenment confidence in empirics feels beamed in from another age. It also makes for a unique scholarly edifice, which will be impossible to ignore."

Marshall Steinbaum of Boston Review stated that in comparison to Capital in the Twenty-First Century the work "loses much of the economic theory, but it gains a vast wealth of historical, sociological, and political detail". He wrote that the book "systematically demolishes [the] self-serving conceit" of the economy as a natural force uninfluenced by ideas on how it should work. While Steinbaum said that Piketty's narrative that left-wing parties became parties of the educated rather than the working class is flawed "because the working class is getting more educated", Steinbaum lauded Piketty's engagement with political science, writing, "Few economists are as methodologically curious and versatile, much less as adept."