葡萄园 (1990)

《葡萄园》（英语：Vineland），是美国作家托马斯·品钦于1990年出版的一部长篇小说，叙述一个关于1980年代在美国生活的后现代主义作品。故事主要发生在葡萄园、加利福尼亚安德森谷的一个小镇上。标题Vineland可能影射Vinland、维京人在北美第一个定居点；或者Andrey Vinelander、纳博科夫小说《Ada or Ardor: A Family Chronicle》中的一个角色。该小说的出版令许多自《万有引力之虹》后等待了20年的评论家和读者十分失望。与品钦早期作品不同，该书具有强烈的政治性，表现出作者对里根经济政策的厌恶，是奥威尔《一九八四》的一个现代翻版。

改编作品

据电影导演保罗·托马斯·安德森所言，品钦的这部小说是他2025年电影 《一战再战》（One Battle After Another） 的灵感来源。安德森曾多次表达他对《葡萄园》的热爱和改编这部小说的愿望.。2024年初，他开始拍摄一部新作品，并在后来确认该片正是根据这部小说改编。电影于2025年9月上映，并获得14项奥斯卡金像奖提名与其中6项大奖：最佳选角、最佳男配角（西恩·潘）、最佳改编剧本、最佳剪辑、最佳导演以及最佳影片。

在放映后的早期Q&A环节中，安德森提到他曾为如何将这本书改编得恰到好处而苦恼，他表示：“当你去改编它时，必须对原著更苛刻一些。你不能太温和。”

《名利场》杂志的影评人安德鲁·麦高恩谈到了原著与电影改编版之间的差异。他指出，电影保留了与原著相似的人物以及人物之间的关系，但更改了人物的名字，且影片叙事风格也比品钦笔下那种“先锋派”、“后现代”和“离奇的平行世界”更为直白。

Vineland is a 1990 postmodern novel by Thomas Pynchon set in California in 1984, the year of President Ronald Reagan's reelection. Through flashbacks, its characters, who lived through the 1960s, account for the free spirit of rebellion of that decade, and describe the traits of the "fascistic Nixonian repression" and the war on drugs that clashed with it. The book portrays transformations in U.S. society from the 1960s to the 1980s.

The novel provided the inspiration for the loosely-adapted script of the 2025 film One Battle After Another by director Paul Thomas Anderson.

Plot

The story is set in California in 1984, the year of Ronald Reagan's reelection. After a scene in which former hippie Zoyd Wheeler dives through a window, something he is required to do yearly to keep receiving mental disability checks, the novel opens with the resurfacing of federal law enforcement and intelligence official Brock Vond, who, through a platoon of agents, forces Zoyd and his 14-year-old daughter Prairie out of their house. They hide from Brock, and from Hector Zuñiga, a DEA field agent from Zoyd's past, whom Zoyd suspects is in cahoots with Brock, with old friends of Zoyd's. Soon, Prairie accompanies her boyfriend Isaiah Two Four to a Mob wedding, where she runs into DL Chastain, a ninjette and former family friend who, recognizing Prairie, explains Brock's motivation for coming after the Wheeler family.

This hinges heavily on Frenesi Gates, Prairie's mother, whom she has not seen since she was an infant. In the 1960s, during the height of the hippie era, the fictional College of the Surf (in equally fictional Trasero County, said to be between Orange County and San Diego County in Southern California) seceded from the U.S. and became the People's Republic of Rock and Roll (PR³), a nation of hippies and dope smokers. Brock intends to bring down PR³, and finds a willing accomplice in Gates. She is a member of 24fps, a militant film collective (another member of which, Ditzah, is telling Prairie the story in the present), that seeks to document the transgressions of the "fascists" against freedom and hippie ideals. Gates is uncontrollably attracted to Brock and ends up working as a double agent to bring about the killing of the de facto leader of PR³, Weed Atman (a mathematics professor who accidentally became the subject of a cult of personality).

Gates flees after her betrayal, and she has been living in witness protection with Brock's help up until the present day. Now she has disappeared. The membership of 24fps, Brock, and Hector are all searching for her, with various motives. The book's theme of the ubiquity of television (or the Tube) comes to a head when Hector, a Tube addict who has actually not been working with Brock, finds funding to create his pet project of an antidrug film telling a revised story of a "depraved" sixties, with Gates as the director. The pomp and circumstance surrounding this big-money deal create a net of safety that allows Gates to come out of hiding. 24fps finds her and achieves its goal of allowing Prairie to meet her, at an enormous reunion of Gates's family, the Traverses and Beckers (including one elder, Jess Traverse, who is a child in Pynchon's 2006 novel Against the Day). Meanwhile, DL Chastain and Takeshi Fumimota, her partner in "karma adjustment", are hanging out with Weed Atman and other Thanatoids — people who are in a state that is "like death, but different" — when they hear the news about Brock.