Blues Legacies and Black Feminism (1998)

Blues Legacies and Black Feminism: Gertrude "Ma" Rainey, Bessie Smith, and Billie Holiday is a 1998 book by American academic, Angela Davis. Davis examines the music of blues singers Bessie Smith, Billie Holiday, and Ma Rainey from a feminist perspective. Davis proposes that the singers gave a voice to the experiences of America's Black working class and Black women through the 1920–1930s leading into the 1940s, that challenged their depictions in wider American culture.

Davis highlights the importance these women had on the early feminist movement. By using their voices and platform to speak out against topics women oftentimes would be forced to avoid. The term "speaking bitterness" was used to describe the strategy these women employed, singing about harsh topics in order to raise awareness. Some of these topics include: sexual freedom, marriage dynamics and domestic violence, economic independence, and cultural identity.