鸽灾 (2010)

The Plague of Doves is a 2008 New York Times bestseller and the first entry in a loosely-connected trilogy by Ojibwe author Louise Erdrich. The Plague of Doves follows the townsfolk of the fictional Pluto, North Dakota, who are plagued by a farming family's unsolved murder from generations prior. The novel incorporates Erdrich's multiple narrator trope that is present in other works including the Love Medicine series. Its sequel is the National Book Award winning novel The Round House. Erdrich concluded the "Justice" trilogy with LaRose in 2016.

Background

The central plot of The Plague of Doves revolves around an act of racism that took place in the early 20th century. Peter G. Beidler outlines how Louise Erdrich's plot for the novel was influenced by real-life events that happened in North Dakota in the late 1890s. As Beidler explains, a white family, the Spicers, were murdered by a group of Native Americans. While the murderers were tried and sentenced to death for their crimes, the citizens of the town believed the three witnesses, also Native Americans, were guilty as well. Nine months after the trial, the citizens stormed the jailhouse where the men were being held, overpowered the guards, and proceeded to hang the three men in question. One of the men was a 19-year-old boy named Paul Holy Track, believed to be the direct influence for Erdrich's character, the thirteen-year-old Holy Track.

Character List

Evelina Harp: The novel's first named narrator. She matures throughout the novel while exploring notions of bisexuality and uncovering Pluto's past.

Mooshum/ Seraph Milk: Evelina's grandfather who tells her about the reservation's past.

Shamengwa: Mooshum's brother. He is a violinist with a crippled arm who later tutors Corwin Peace.

Judge Antone Bazil Coutts: The tribal judge. He is the novel's second narrator. He has an affair with Evelina's aunt Geraldine.

Corwin Peace: Evelina's elementary school crush. He is a mischievous delinquent born out of wedlock, and he matures under Shamengwa's tutelage.

Billy Peace: Marn Wolde's husband with familial connections to the area's past. He becomes a spiritual leader to his family and the community.

Marn Wolde: Billy Peace's wife. She is the novel's third narrator. She seeks eccentric spirituality to escape her self-described prison.

Uncle Warren Wolde: Marn Wolde's uncle. He is in a psychiatric hospital due to age-related cognitive decline. His past actions have shaped the entire town.

Dr. Cordelia Lochren: The novel's last narrator. She is the surviving child of a family massacre; she harbors prejudices in her later years.

Summary

The novel begins with a family's grisly murder, with a baby as the only surviving member. A lynch mob blames four innocent Ojibwe people from the nearby reservation and hangs three of them, including a boy named Holy Track.

Years later, a young girl named Evelina, who struggles with her sexuality in grade school, listens to her grandfather's, Mooshum's, tales of Pluto, North Dakota's past. In 1896, a flock of doves terrorized the town and the people within it. Mooshum also explains how he was the only surviving member of the lynch mob. This trauma caused Mooshum to flee the town for years before returning to the reservation, married and ready to start a family. Upon returning, Mooshum and his brother, Shamengwa, develop an alcohol dependency. These tales leave Evelina with more questions than answers, and Mooshum is hesitant to divulge everything. Evelina is nervous to express the attraction she has for both her teacher and her classmate.

Next enters Billy Peace, whose sister is having an affair with John Wildstrand. John is married to Neve Harp, the woman who rejected Mooshum's romantic advances. The affair between John Wildstrand and Billy Peace’s sister results in a child out of wedlock. After the kidnapping of Neve Harp backfires, he goes to join the army. The army is Billy's introduction to religion. When Billy returns home, he starts a church. Billy marries Marn Wolde as both bond over running away from past issues. Marn becomes increasingly unhappy in her marriage and with the way Billy disciplines their children and how he interacts with her. Eventually, Marn murders her husband and flees Pluto with her children in tow.

An older Evelina, now working at a diner, runs into Marn. The interaction recalls Evelina's former attractions to Marn's nephew. Evelina is also provided with information from her former crush and teacher that causes her to suffer mentally. While at the mental hospital, Evelina meets with patients but takes note of the weird actions of one in particular named Warren Wolde. Warren Wolde dies in the hospital after hearing Corwin Peace play the violin while visiting Evelina. Warren's death unravels some of the town's hidden mystery.

Themes

Ojibwe and Métis History

Métis and Ojibwe history is featured heavily throughout the novel. The Métis connection comes to the forefront with the character Mooshum noting Louis Riel as a personal hero. Evelina also mentions a picture of Riel that her mother kept on display. The characters frequently refer to Riel and imagine what could have been had he succeeded in establishing a Michif nation. Additionally, throughout the novel the characters speak in both Michif and Anishinaabe. As Corrine Bancroft argues, Erdrich's novel allows readers "to face the way history still bleeds into the present and challenges us to develop a type of responsibility that is attentive to different and possibly incommensurate human experiences."