大街 (1920)

《大街》是辛克莱·刘易斯创作的一部小说，出版于1920年。这部小说最终使他获得了1930年诺贝尔文学奖。

故事背景设定在20世纪10年代奋小镇戈弗草原，该小镇的原型是索克森特，这是辛克莱·刘易斯的家乡。故事讲述了卡罗尔·米尔福德·肯尼科特的生活。她是一位白手起家、性格坚强的年轻女性。故事中还提到了第一次世界大战的爆发、美国的参战以及战后岁月和1920年美国禁酒令的实施。

大街出版后于1921年被改编成舞台剧，1923年又被改编成电影，这是华纳兄弟公司首部根据小说改编的电影。

Main Street is a novel written by Sinclair Lewis, and published in 1920. Satirizing small-town life, Main Street is perhaps Sinclair Lewis's most famous book and led in part to his eventual 1930 Nobel Prize for Literature.

The story is set in the small town of Gopher Prairie, a fictionalized version of Sauk Centre, Minnesota, Lewis's hometown, during the 1910s. It relates the life and struggles of Carol Milford Kennicott, a self-made young woman with a strong personality, as she comes into conflict with the small-town mentality of the residents of Gopher Prairie. References are made to the start of World War I, the United States' entry into the war, and the years following its end, including the start of Prohibition in 1920.

Highly acclaimed upon publication, Main Street was turned into a play in 1921, and a movie in 1923, the first by Warner Bros. studio. It remains a recognized American classic.

Plot

Carol Milford, the daughter of a judge, grew up in Mankato, Minnesota, and became an orphan in her teenage years. In college, she reads a book on village improvement in a sociology class and begins to dream of redesigning villages and towns. After college, she attends a library school in Chicago and is exposed to many radical ideas and lifestyles. She becomes a librarian in Saint Paul, Minnesota, the state capital, but finds the work unrewarding. She marries Will Kennicott, a doctor from the small town of Gopher Prairie. When they marry, Will convinces her to live in his hometown. Carol is filled with disdain for the town's physical ugliness and smug conservatism and immediately formulates plans to remake Gopher Prairie.

She speaks with its members about progressive changes, joins women's clubs, distributes literature, and holds a party to liven up Gopher Prairie's inhabitants. Despite her efforts, these ventures are ineffective and she is constantly derided by the leading cliques. She finds some comfort and companionship with a variety of social outsiders in the town, but these companions all fail to live up to her expectations.

After a political meeting of the Nonpartisan League is broken up by local authorities, Carol leaves her husband and moves to Washington, D.C. to become a clerk in a wartime government agency but she eventually returns. Nevertheless, she does not feel defeated:

I do not admit that Main Street is as beautiful as it should be! I do not admit that Gopher Prairie is greater or more generous than Europe! I do not admit that dishwashing is enough to satisfy all women! I may not have fought the good fight, but I have kept the faith. (Chapter 39)

Reception

The book was a commercial success. It was the best-selling work of fiction in the United States for the year 1921, according to Publishers Weekly.

Some of Lewis's contemporaries said the novel was too bleak, even humorless, in its portrayal of ignorant small-town life and people. However, Main Street is generally considered some of Lewis's most significant and enduring work, along with its 1922 successor Babbitt.

Contemporary parodies of the book included Ptomaine Street, by Carolyn Wells, and Jane Street of Gopher Prairie, by James Stetson Metcalfe.

Some small-town residents resented being portrayed this way, and the book was banned by the public library of Alexandria, Minnesota.

Because Lewis and his book had become so popular, high-school sports teams from his hometown began to be called the Main Streeters as early as the 1925–26 school year. This name was essentially given to the town by the nearby towns at school events. Sauk Centre High School teams still go by the name in a tribute to Lewis.

Awards and nominations

Main Street was initially chosen by the jury for the 1921 Pulitzer Prize for literature, but the board of trustees overturned the jury's decision. The prize went to Edith Wharton for The Age of Innocence. In 1926, Lewis refused the Pulitzer when he was awarded it for Arrowsmith.