坟墓的闯入者 (1948)

《坟墓的闯入者》（英语：Intruder in the Dust）是威廉·福克纳1948年发表的长篇小说，借一桩谋杀案探讨美国南方的种族问题。

福克纳曾说，这部小说“更多的是写黑人和白人......(因为)南方的白人，比北方，比政府，比任何人都多欠黑人一份债，都必须对黑人承担一份责任。”

情节

故事发生在约克纳帕塔法县，一个凶残暴力家族的成员文森·高里被杀，老黑人路喀斯·伯香因此被捕。路喀斯有大家族麦卡斯林的血统，镇民希望把他私刑处死。白人律师加文·斯蒂文斯卷入此案，其外甥契克·马里森12岁时曾被路喀斯所救，他希望舅舅能替路喀斯主持公道，并决心找出真凶。他请来两人挖开文森的坟，却发现杰克·蒙特格马利的尸体躺在其中。他是被克罗夫德·高里杀害的，因为他知道后者枪杀同胞兄弟的罪行，后来文森的尸体也被发现。克罗夫德偷窃兄弟的木材却被路喀斯发现，所以设计了这一切。最后克罗夫德被捕，在狱中自杀。路喀斯出狱后不愿受人好处，给了加文两美元报酬。

Intruder in the Dust is a 1948 crime novel written by American author William Faulkner. Taking place in Mississippi, it revolves around an African-American farmer accused of murdering a White man.

Overview

The novel focuses on Lucas Beauchamp, a black farmer accused of murdering a white man. He is exonerated through the efforts of black and white teenagers and a spinster from a long-established Southern family. It was written as Faulkner's response as a Southern writer to the racial problems facing the South.

Intruder in the Dust is notable for its use of stream of consciousness style of narration. The novel also includes lengthy passages on the Southern memory of the American Civil War, one of which Shelby Foote quoted in Ken Burns' 1990 documentary The Civil War.

The characters of Lucas Beauchamp and his wife, Molly, first appeared in Faulkner's collection of short fiction, Go Down, Moses. A story by Faulkner, "Lucas Beauchamp", was published in 1999.

The character Gavin Stevens appears as a protagonist in Faulkner's short story collection Knight's Gambit (1949).

Intruder in the Dust was turned into a film of the same name directed by Clarence Brown in 1949 after MGM paid film rights of $50,000 to Faulkner. The film was shot in Faulkner's home town of Oxford, Mississippi. In 1949, Faulkner was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature for "his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel." The Nobel Prize was not specifically for his novel Intruder in the Dust but for the enduring contribution of his writing as a whole.

Analysis

In her contemporary review of the novel, Eudora Welty noted its humor. Dayton Kohler's 1949 article noted the book's recognition of black Americans in the American south. John E. Bassett has commented that this novel represents a "serious attempt to explore contemporary Southern racism through Gavin and Chick." Jean E. Graham has discussed the contrasting rhetorical styles of Gavin and Chick throughout the course of the novel. Ticien Marie Sassoubre has examined the novel in the context of the social issues related to lynching in the American South, and then-recent American federal law with respect to black Americans.

D. Hutchinson has elucidated the unifying literary devices of the novel. Peter J. Rabinowitz analyzed Faulkner's use of the detective story in the context of the "discovery novel" as compared to Dostoyevsky.