没有被征服的 (1938)

《没有被征服的》（英语：The Unvanquished）是威廉·福克纳1938年出版的小说，是约克纳帕塔法系列小说中承上启下的作品。该书讲述沙多里斯家族尤其是巴耶德·沙多里斯的经历，表现了美国南方的衰败。巴耶德在书中出场是1863年，还是个12岁的孩子。家族的早期历史通过他的眼睛展现出来，其他人物还有约翰·沙多里斯上校，上校的岳母罗莎·米拉德、上校的第二个妻子德鲁西拉以及一些黑人。其中小黑人林戈是同巴耶德一起长大，二人情同手足，也管罗莎叫“外婆”。

小说由一系列小故事构成，包括《伏击》、《撤退》、《突袭》、《第三次反击》、《族间仇杀》、《沙多里斯的小冲突》、《美人樱的香气》。这些作品都在《星期六晚邮报》上单独发表过，除了《美人樱的香气》。由于这些故事大多为通俗杂志而写，因而具有较大的商业性。

The Unvanquished is a 1938 book of fiction by the American author William Faulkner, set in the fictional Yoknapatawpha County. In seven episodes, it tells the story of the Sartoris family, who first appeared in the novel Sartoris (or Flags in the Dust). The Unvanquished takes place before that story, and is set during the American Civil War.

Structure

The Unvanquished has been variously described as a novel, a short story collection, and a short story cycle. It comprises seven chapters, all but one of which had already been published separately as short stories. Critics have disagreed over whether they come together sufficiently to make a novel. The seven stories, published in The Saturday Evening Post except where noted, are :

"Ambuscade" (September 29, 1934)

"Retreat" (October 13, 1934)

"Raid" (November 3, 1934)

"The Unvanquished" (namesake for the novel, in which it is titled "Riposte in Tertio") (November 14, 1936)

"Vendée" (December 5, 1936)

"Drusilla" (titled "Skirmish at Sartoris" in the novel), published in Scribner's (April 1935)

"An Odor of Verbena" (never published prior to the release of the novel )

These seven episodes cover the years 1862 to 1873, sometimes immediately following one another in chronology, sometimes jumping months or years.

The principal characters are Bayard Sartoris, John Sartoris (Marse John, Father), Granny, Ringo (Morengo), Ab Snopes, Cousin Drusilla, Aunt Jenny, Louvinia, and the lieutenant (a Yankee soldier).

Plot summary

The book begins with Bayard Sartoris and his slave friend Ringo playing in the dirt on the Sartoris plantation. A slave named Loosh smugly interrupts their game, hinting that Union armies have entered northeastern Mississippi, near their town of Jefferson. The boys do not fully understand, but when Bayard's father, Colonel John Sartoris, returns home from the front that day, they overhear him telling Granny Millard that Vicksburg has fallen. Loosh obviously knows about the defeat, and Bayard decides he and Ringo will keep watch over Loosh. Several days into the watch, the boys spot a Yankee soldier on horseback riding up the road. The boys grab a musket off the wall and shoot at the soldier, then run into the house as a fist pounds on the front door. Granny hides them under her billowing skirts and insists to the angry Union sergeant that there are no children present. Colonel Dick, a Yankee officer, calls off the search but makes it clear that he does so out of pity, not because he believes Granny. Afterward, the boys learn they only hit the horse, not the rider.

The next year, following Colonel Sartoris's instructions, Granny carries a heavy trunk of silver to Memphis for safekeeping. After digging the buried chest out of the ground, she insists that the slaves carry it up to her bedroom so she can watch it during the night. The journey to Memphis carries them through Union-occupied areas. One afternoon, men with guns waylay the travelers, stealing their mules despite Granny's attempts to fend them off. Bayard and Ringo take a horse from a nearby barn and try to pursue the attackers, leaving Granny to fend for herself. They are discovered asleep the next day by Colonel Sartoris's troop. Furious and anxious for Granny's well-being, the colonel sees them back to Jefferson personally; on the way, they accidentally overcome the thieves, a group of Northern soldiers, and capture their supplies, though the colonel allows the men to escape. Granny arrives home safely, but the next day a Union brigade rides to the house looking for Colonel Sartoris. He escapes, but the Yankees burn the house and take the chest of silver.