佛遗教经

《遗教经》，又称作《佛垂般泥洹略说教戒经》，或题为《佛垂般涅槃略说教诫经》，共一卷，由后秦龟兹国鸠摩罗什三藏翻译。是佛陀在临涅槃前对弟子的最后教诫，阐述作为佛教根本的戒定慧。其内容，出自于《佛所行赞》的〈大般涅槃品〉、《佛本行经》的〈大灭品〉。

内容

《佛遗教经》是释迦牟尼佛于公元前543年二月十五日中夜临入涅槃前，为弟子们所做的最后一场说法。此经有两千三百余字，全经文可归纳为二十一个小节，即：

一、经序，二、持戒，三、制心，四、节食，五、戒睡眠，六、戒瞋恚，七、戒㤭慢，八、戒謟曲，九、少欲，十、知足，十一、远离，十二、精进，十三、不忘念，十四、禅定，十五、智慧，十六、不戏论，十七、自勉，十八、决疑，十九、众生得度，二十、法身常住，二十一、结论。

历代注疏

历代对本经的注疏有：

《遗教经论》一卷，世亲造，或说马鸣造。

《佛遗教经论疏节要》一卷，宋智圆疏，宋净源节要，明袾宏补注。

《遗教经论住法记》一卷，宋元照述。

《遗教经论记》三卷，宋观复述。

《佛遗教经补注》一卷，北宋守遂注，明了童补注。

《佛遗教经解》一卷，明智旭述。

《遗教经指南》一卷，明道霈述。

《佛遗教经笺注》，丁福保注。

《佛遗教经讲义》，民国宝静法师述。

The Bequeathed Teachings Sutra, or the Sutra on the Buddha's Bequeathed Teaching and Bequeathed Sutra (Ch. 佛垂般涅槃略說敎誡經, T.389) is a brief Mahayana sutra containing instructions left by the Gautama Buddha before His said final nirvana. It is reportedly translated by Kumārajīva into Chinese around 400 C.E.

Overview

The sutra presents itself as the final teachings of Gautama Buddha, delivered to the disciples assembled around his resting place between two sal trees. In this last sermon, the Buddha urged his disciples to strive for enlightenment through thorough monastic discipline. According to Cleary, "the Buddha teaches here from the perspective of cause and effect: pure discipline is a basic necessity because it allows good qualities to develop." The Buddha warns against seeking material wealth, influence, and discourages monks from earning a living through fortune telling or the performance of healing. The Buddha concludes by declaring the sutra his last teaching.

The sutra "is used as a liturgical text in both Taiwan and Japan, where it seems to be particularly associated with the Soto Zen sect." It was frequently cited or the subject of commentary during the Tang, Song, and Ming dynasties. It was a perennial source of reference and instruction for Chinese Chan communities.