希波克拉底誓词

希波克拉底誓词（希腊语：Όρκος του Ιπποκράτη，英语：Hippocratic Oath），俗称医师誓词，是西方世界医师传统上行医前宣誓的誓词。希波克拉底乃古代希腊医者，被称为西方“医学之父”。这份誓词列出了一些特定的伦理上的规范，但希波克拉底有可能不是这份誓词的原著。

誓词简介

现代医学界，虽不再采用原始的希波克拉底誓词原文，它也没有任何法律效力；但是希波克拉底誓词对现代誓约依然拥有影响。

其中的许多因素对于今天的医学伦理依然是有效的，例如：

不损害病人、不歧视病人、不泄漏秘密等

许多原文中的内容也不一定完全适合于今天的情况，例如：

当时“外科医生”与“医生”的职业还分割着，因此禁止用手术治疗结石。

禁止堕胎和安乐死（后者多数国家仍禁止，或有严格条件限制，或非由医师执行）。

一般今天把这样的内容修改为适合今天情况的描述方法——禁止使用医生本人不了解的医术。

誓词内容

中文译文

译文：

相关资料

世界卫生组织（WHO）的赫尔辛基宣言

世界医学会（WMA）的日内瓦宣言

南丁格尔誓言

纽伦堡守则

中国大陆医学生誓言

病人安全

The Hippocratic Oath is an oath of ethics historically taken by physicians. It is one of the most widely known of Greek medical texts. In its original form, it requires a new physician to swear, by a number of healing gods, to uphold specific ethical standards. The oath is the earliest expression of medical ethics in the Western world, establishing several principles of medical ethics which remain of paramount significance today. These include the principles of medical confidentiality and non-maleficence. As the foundational expression of certain principles that continue to guide and inform medical practice, the ancient text is of more than historic and symbolic value. It is enshrined in the legal statutes of various jurisdictions, such that violations of the oath may carry criminal or other liability beyond the oath's symbolic nature.

Text of the oath

The original oath was written in Ancient Greek, between the fifth and third centuries BC. Although it is traditionally attributed to the Greek doctor Hippocrates and it is usually included in the Hippocratic Corpus, modern scholars do not regard it as having been written by Hippocrates himself. The oldest manuscript containing the oath dates to roughly the 10th–11th century, held in the Vatican Library, although papyrus fragments of the oath have been found as early as the 3rd century AD.

Below is the Hippocratic Oath, in Ancient Greek, from the 1923 Loeb edition, followed by the English translation:

Context and interpretation

The oath is arguably the best known text of the Hippocratic Corpus, although most modern scholars do not attribute it to Hippocrates himself, estimating it to have been written in the fourth or fifth century BC. Its general ethical principles are also found in other works of the Corpus: the work entitled Physician mentions the obligation to keep the "holy things" of medicine within the medical community (i.e. not to divulge secrets); it also mentions the special position of the doctor with regard to his patients, especially women and girls. In antiquity, the punishment for breaking the Hippocratic oath could range from a penalty to losing the right to practice medicine. However, several aspects of the oath contradict patterns of practice established elsewhere in the Corpus. Most notable is its ban on the use of the knife, even for small procedures such as lithotomy, even though other works in the Corpus provide guidance on performing surgical procedures.

Euthanasia

The oath appears to prohibit physicians from administering lethal drugs in all cases, including when requested by a patient. But ancient evidence suggests that physicians did not universally observe such a ban. Scholars disagree about what the prohibition was specifically intended to prevent. The phrasing has been variously interpreted as a prohibition of physician-assisted suicide, participation in judicial executions, murder (including political assassination), or any general use of medical knowledge to cause death.