马桥词典 (1996)

《马桥词典》，是中国作家韩少功1996年出版的小说，按照词典的形式，收录了其在当知青下放湖南汨罗县长乐镇马桥村的115个词条，描写传统中国农民的生活和精神面貌；部分词汇是作者虚构或臆想（如晕街）。最早发表于上海文艺出版社的《小说界》杂志1996年第2期，后由作家出版社出版单行本。1999年获《亚洲周刊》评为“20世纪中文小说100强”之一。2003年8月由美国哥伦比亚大学出版社出版了英译本“A Dictionary of Maqiao”。2010年获得美国俄克拉荷马大学美中关系研究所第二届纽曼华语文学奖。

《马桥词典》出版后，张颐武、王干批评该书抄袭了米洛拉德·帕维奇的《哈扎尔辞典》，引发了所谓的“马桥事件”、“马桥之争”。张颐武表示《马桥词典》“无论形式或内容都很像，而且完全照搬《哈扎尔词典》”，王干批评《马桥词典》“模仿一位外国作家，虽然惟妙惟肖，但终归不入流品”。“马桥事件”发生后，韩少功曾公开表示：“这次事件当然不是什么误伤，是一次有预谋的文化扼杀。”韩少功因此起诉评论者侵犯其名誉权，并获得胜诉。

A Dictionary of Maqiao (Chinese: 马桥词典; pinyin: Mǎqiáo Cídiǎn) is a novel written by Chinese writer Han Shaogong. It was first published in 1996 and was translated into English by Julia Lovell in 2003. Yazhou Zhoukan selected it as one of the top 100 greatest Chinese novels in the 20th century.

The novel is set in Maqiao, a village in Hunan province, China. It is written in the form of a dictionary, or more accurately, encyclopedia. It collects 115 'articles' on Maqiao village life from the perspective of a young student sent there by the Down to the Countryside Movement. These 'articles' cohere into a story.

After the book was published, some critics claimed that was an imitation of Milorad Pavić's novel, Dictionary of the Khazars. The author, Han Shaogong, stated that he had never read Pavić's work. He brought a defamation case against the critics and won this case in 1999 at Haikou.