古语拾遗

《古语拾遗》（日语：古语拾遗／こごしゅうい，罗马化：Kogo Shūi）是日本平安时代神道资料集。由斋部广成于大同2年（807年）编纂。全1卷。

《先代旧事本纪》、《本朝月令》、《政事要略》、《长寛勘文》、《年中行事秘抄》、《释日本纪》和伊势神道都有引用这本书。是重要的神典。

编纂

一般认为是807年（大同2年）2月13日成书，但也有人认为存在大同元年（806年）的抄本。然而因其跋中有“方今圣运初启，照尧晖于八洲。宝历惟新...”一句，据此推断应在平城天皇即位改元的806年（延历25年与大同元年）5月18日以后成书。

《日本后纪》记载的大同元年8月10日的“中臣、忌部相诉”中有提及该书。

内容

其中内容记载的是从天地开辟到天平年间（729年－749年）的事情。其中有一些内容连《古事记》、《日本书纪》都没有录入。

斎部氏自认为是天太玉命的子孙，因此书中有许多关于天太玉命的记载。

Kogo Shūi (古語拾遺) is a historical record of the Inbe clan of Japan written in the early Heian period (794–1185). It was composed by Inbe no Hironari (斎部広成) in 807 using material transmitted orally over several generations of the Inbe clan.

Background

Historically, both the Inbe and Nakatomi clans had long performed Shinto religious services for the Japanese imperial court. However, at the beginning of the Heian period, the Fujiwara clan, whom the Nakatomi clan are a branch of, seized political power. This strengthened the Nakatomi clan while weakening the Inbe clan and caused conflict between the two clans.

Hironari, whose date of birth and death are unknown, wrote this text to clarify the history and legitimize the rights of the Inbe clan as well as to argue the injustice of the Nakatomi clan and decline of the Inbe clan. He presented it to Emperor Heizei in 807.

Contents

The text consists of three major sections:

The historical events of clan ancestor Amenofutodama no Mikoto and his grandson Amamito no Mikoto.

A description of the creation myth and the national history from Emperor Jinmu through Emperor Tenmu.

Eleven points of discontent with the Nakatomi clan and the decline of the Inbe clan.

The first two sections serve as evidence and reference for legitimatizing the third and main section.

Value

The historical events described within the Kogo Shūi are nearly identical with those found in Kojiki and Nihon Shoki, the oldest written histories of Japan. However, there are several events unique to the text, so the Kogo Shūi serves as a valuable source of early Japanese history not found in the national histories.

Linguistically, the text contains a large number of old words written in man'yōgana which make it a valuable resource for studying Old Japanese.