志费尼

阿塔·马里克·志费尼（波斯语：عطاملک جوینی，罗马化：Atâ-Malek Juvayni，1226年—1283年3月5日），十三世纪伊朗历史家和政治家。

生平

阿塔·马里克·志费尼出生于波斯东部呼罗珊的志费因。他的祖父和父亲巴哈·丁曾分别担任花剌子模沙札兰丁和伊儿汗旭烈兀的财政部长。

贵由汗时代，他的直接上司阿儿浑阿加上任，他监督包括格鲁吉亚王国在内的大片地区，志费尼也成为帝国的重要官员。他两次访问了蒙古帝国的首都哈拉和林，一次这样的访问就开始了他对蒙古人征服的历史的研究（约在1252-53年）。蒙哥汗即位后，他于1256年参加蒙古军在阿剌模忒堡的行动，负责保存其著名图书馆。他还曾在1258年巴格达被攻陷时陪同旭烈兀，并于次年被任命为巴格达、下美索不达米亚和胡齐斯坦的总督。大约在1282年，志费尼参加了在凡湖东北阿拉-特克牧场举行的库里尔台大会。1283年3月5日，他死于阿塞拜疆的穆甘。

阿塔·马里克的兄弟沙姆丁也曾在旭烈兀和阿八哈汗手下担任财政部长，本身是一位经验丰富的领袖，也很有影响力。他的妻子科沙克（Khoshak）是格鲁吉亚贵族阿瓦格·姆哈格德兹利和后来成为格鲁吉亚女王的格凡萨的女儿。

阿塔·马里克在宫廷的地位使他得到一般史家无法获得的史料，出于未知的原因，他的纪录于1260年代中止。

Ata-Malik Juvayni (Persian: عطاملک جوینی, romanized: Ata-Malik Juvayni; 1226 – 5 March 1283) was a bureaucrat and historian from the Juvayni family who served under the Mongol Empire. He is known for composing the Tarikh-i Jahangushay ("History of the World Conqueror"), an important account on the history of Central Asia and the 13th-century Mongol invasion of Muslim world.

Early life

Born in 1226, Ata-Malik belonged to the Persian Juvayni family, whose history of administrative and public service goes back to the Seljuk era. Both his grandfather and his father, Baha al-Din, had held the post of sahib-divan or Minister of Finance for Muhammad Jalal al-Din and Ögedei Khan, respectively. Baha al-Din also acted as deputy c. 1246 for his immediate superior, the emir Arghun Aqa, in which role he oversaw a large area, including the Kingdom of Georgia.

Career

Just like his predecessors, Ata-Malik became an important state official. He visited the Mongol capital of Karakorum twice, beginning his history of the Mongols conquests on one such visit (c. 1252–53). He was with Ilkhan Hulagu in the 1256 campaign at the taking of Alamut, where he selected many 'choice books' from the famous Alamut library for his own purposes and burnt the books that he did not like. He was responsible for saving part of its celebrated library. He had also accompanied Hulagu during the sack of Baghdad in 1258, and the next year was appointed governor of Baghdad, Lower Mesopotamia, and Khuzistan. Around 1282, Ata-Malik attended a Mongol quriltai, or assembly, held in the Ala-Taq pastures northeast of Lake Van. He died the following year in Mughan.

Ata-Malik was survived by at least one son, Mansur (died 1293) and a daughter who became the wife of the Sufi shaykh Sadr al-Din Ibrahim Hamuwayi, who played a key role in converting the later Ilkhanate ruler Ghazan to Islam. According to Tarikh-i Uljaytu by Abu al-Qasim Kashani, this daughter was named Ismatuddin and she died in Maragha, August 1306.

Siege of Alamut

Ata-Malik's brother was the powerful Shams al-Din Mohammad Sahib-Divan, who had served as Minister of Finance under Hulagu and Abaqa Khan. A skillful leader in his own right, Shams al-Din also had influential in-laws: his wife Khoshak was the daughter of Avag Mkhargrdzeli, Lord High Constable of Georgia, and Gvantsa, a noblewoman who went on to become queen of Georgia.

Work and legacy

Ata-Malik's position at court and his family connections made him privy to information unavailable to other historians. For unknown reasons, Ata-Malik's Tarikh-i Jahangushay ends in 1260, more than twenty years before his death.

The standard edition of Ata-Malik's history is published under the title Tarikh-i Jahangushay, ed. Mirza Muhammad Qazwini, 3 vol, Gibb Memorial Series 16 (Leiden and London, 1912–37). An English translation by John Andrew Boyle The History of the World-Conqueror was published in 1958 and republished in 1997.